Development of a Water-Balance Instrument Cluster for Mountain Hydrology, Biochemistry and Ecosystem Science

山地水文、生物化学和生态系统科学水平衡仪器群的开发

• 批准号: 0619947
• 负责人: Roger Bales
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California - Merced
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0619947&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Development; Water; Balance; Instrument; Cluster

0619947BalesThis Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Program grant supports development and deployment of a prototype instrument cluster to make comprehensive water balance measurements in a snow pack dominated hydrologic system in the southern Sierra Nevada mountains. The central instruments will be an eddy-covariance tower (ECT) for measuring water and carbon exchange with the atmosphere. The ECT allows for estimation of evapotranspiration, a generally very poorly constrained component in water balance flux estimates. The ECT will serve as the measurement and communications hub of the instrument cluster which will also include a network of micrometeorological measurements and an embedded sensor network to capture the spatial variability of snow depth, soil moisture, air temperature, soil temperature, relative humidity and solar radiation. The cluster will be distributed in an few square kilometer area proximal to the ECT and located at Wolverton, in Sequoia National Park. The cluster will complement an existing array of hydrologic instrumentation. Quantitative information on the Southern Sierra water cycle is currently provided by only a few operational precipitation, snowpack-storage and stream-gauging stations, and by limited, intensive research networks in selected headwater basins. Evapotranspiration, soil moisture and groundwater recharge/discharge are not measured and the spatial properties of energy-balance variables driving the mountain hydrologic cycle are poorly measured across the region. The planned hydrologic instrument cluster will facilitate a more comprehensive and quantitative understanding of the water cycle and has first order impact for a range of research in hydrology, biogeochemistry, ecosystem science, and water resources. Dense spatial and temporal and network observations will support the development of advanced hydrologic models with the potential to make quantitative hydrologic forecasts, probe system response to climate and land-cover perturbations, increase understanding of basin-scale water cycles and provide defensible scenarios for infrastructure planning. The Sierra Nevada mountains are the source of 40% of the water runoff that supplies the state of California's annual needs for agriculture, industry and human consumption. An improved quantitative understanding of the dynamics and water mass balance for this system is useful for fundamental research in hydrology as well for water resources management. The network will provide a prototype hydrologic observatory that will assist in the design of future larger scale efforts planned for major catchments. UC-Merced is a new campus of the UC system that has just accepted an inaugural class of a diverse body of freshman students. UC-Merced is classified as minority serving and students would be actively engaged in research that would make use of observational data collected with the proposed hydrologic network. ****

0619947包这个主要的研究仪器（MRI）计划拨款支持开发和部署一个原型仪器集群，使全面的水平衡测量在积雪为主的水文系统在南部的塞拉内华达州山脉。 中心仪器将是一个涡流协方差塔（ECT），用于测量水和碳与大气的交换。 ECT允许估计蒸散量，一个一般很差的约束组成部分，在水平衡通量估计。 ECT将作为仪表组的测量和通信中心，该仪表组还将包括一个微气象测量网络和一个嵌入式传感器网络，以捕捉雪深、土壤湿度、空气温度、土壤温度、相对湿度和太阳辐射的空间变化。 该集群将分布在ECT附近几平方公里的区域内，位于红杉国家公园的沃尔弗顿。 该集群将补充现有的一系列水文仪器。 目前，只有少数几个运作中的降水、积雪储存和流量测量站，以及在选定的源头流域的有限的密集研究网络，提供了关于塞拉利昂南部水循环的定量信息。蒸散量，土壤湿度和地下水补给/排放没有测量和驱动山区水文循环的能量平衡变量的空间特性测量整个区域都很差。 计划中的水文仪器组将有助于更全面和定量地了解水循环，并对水文学、地球化学、生态系统科学和水资源方面的一系列研究产生首要影响。 密集的时空观测和网络观测将支持开发先进的水文模型，这些模型有可能进行定量水文预报，探测系统对气候和土地覆盖扰动的反应，增加对流域水循环的了解，并为基础设施规划提供可防御的情景。 内华达州山脉是加州每年农业、工业和人类消费所需水量的40%的来源。 对该系统的动力学和水量平衡的定量理解对于水文学的基础研究以及水资源管理是有用的。 该网络将提供一个原型水文观测站，以协助设计今后为主要集水区规划的更大规模的工作。 加州大学默塞德分校是加州大学系统的一个新校区，刚刚接受了一个由不同新生组成的首届班级。 加州大学默塞德分校被归类为少数民族服务，学生将积极参与研究，将利用拟议的水文网络收集的观测数据。 ****