Core Measurements at Summit, Greenland Environmental Observatory

摘要编号：0336450 PI：Roger Bales职务：格陵兰环境观测站Summit的核心测量项目：北极研究支持和后勤这个为期5年的项目支持继续和扩大格陵兰环境观测站Summit（GEOSummit）对北极大气、雪和其他地球系统组成部分的长期测量数据的收集，该观测站位于格陵兰冰盖海拔3100米处。自1993年以来，GEOSummit收集了一套核心测量数据，该项目为GEOSummit作为全年学科和跨学科测量和研究的长期网站的持续运作提供了条件。该位置为低海拔站点提供了补充，并将北方半球模拟为南极站。测量包括基线气象学、辐射、对流层化学、雪的特性和雪的化学，有些测量是与诺阿-CMDL合作进行的，有些测量是由个别调查人员进行的。测量结果与世界气象组织全球大气观测（GAW）计划的目标一致。正在研究的大气气相和气溶胶种类要么是人类活动对区域和全球大气变化影响的敏感指标，要么是重要的化学耦合种类，其浓度可能受到北极变化的强烈影响，包括雪/冰表面温度、冰/雪覆盖和大气环流的变化。雪中的相关化学测量为研究北极气候变化、空气-雪交换和大气成分之间的反馈提供了必要的联系。最近的证据表明，重要的大气化学成分与冰/雪进行温度相关的交换，一些物种在阳光照射的表面积雪中发生光化学转化和/或产生。理解北极环境变化需要对环境控制的定量理解（例如，温度、辐射、湿度、臭氧浓度）对空气-雪反馈的影响，以及这些过程对整个北极大气的影响。由于北极大气环流的变化在4-5年或更长时间内是周期性的，因此需要进行长期测量，以了解环流情况，并从长期角度看待观察到的变化。数据和结果将通过国家冰雪数据中心数据档案共享

AbstractOPP #: 0336450PI: Roger BalesTitle: Core Measurements at Summit, Greenland Environmental ObservatoryProgram: Arctic Research Support and LogisticsThis 5-year project supports continuing and expanding the collection of long-term measurements of the Arctic atmosphere, snow and other Earth system components at the Summit Greenland Environmental Observatory (GEOSummit), located at an elevation of 3100 m on the Greenland ice sheet. A core suite of measurements has been collected at GEOSummit since 1993 and this project provides for the continued operation of GEOSummit as long-term site for year-round disciplinary and interdisciplinary measurements and research. The location provides a compliment to lower-elevation sites and a Northern Hemisphere analog to South Pole station. Measurements include baseline meteorology, radiation, tropospheric chemistry, snow properties and snow chemistry, some measurements in cooperation with NOAA-CMDL and measurements initiated by individual investigators. Measurements are aligned with the objectives of the World Meteorological Organization's Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) program. The atmospheric gas-phase and aerosol species being studied are all either sensitive indicators of anthropogenic impacts on regional and global atmospheric change, or are important chemically coupled species whose concentrations may be strongly influenced by changes in the Arctic, including changes in snow/ice surface temperatures, ice/snow cover, and atmospheric circulation. Related chemical measurements in the snow provide the needed link to investigate feedbacks between Arctic climate change, air-snow exchange, and atmospheric composition. Recent evidence indicates that important atmospheric chemical constituents undergo temperature-dependent exchange with ice/snow, and that some species are photochemically transformed and/or produced within the sunlit surface snowpack. Understanding arctic environmental change requires a quantitative understanding of the environmental controls (e.g., temperature, radiation, humidity, ozone concentration) on air-snow feedbacks, as well as the impact of these processes on the entire Arctic atmosphere. Because changes in Arctic atmospheric circulation are cyclic over 4-5 year or longer times, long-duration measurements are needed to understand circulation and to place observed changes in a long-term perspective. Data and results will be shared via the National Snow and Ice Data Center data archive