Collaborative Research: Near-surface Controls of Air-Sea CO2 Exchange: A Contribution to the UK-SOLAS "Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment"

合作研究：海气二氧化碳交换的近地表控制：对 UK-SOLAS“深海气体交换实验”的贡献

• 批准号: 0623247
• 负责人: Chester Grosch
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Old Dominion University Research Foundation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-10-01 至 2010-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623247&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Near; surface; Controls

0623247The problem of quantifying the rate of gas flux across the air-water interface is one of the central questions of oceanography and is critical in the context of greenhouse gases and ocean-atmosphere budgets. The large uncertainty surrounding the flux of carbon dioxide (CO2) between the atmosphere and ocean prevent us from determining the partitioning of the sink of anthropogenic CO2 between the ocean and the terrestrial biosphere. This uncertainty also limits the ability to realistically model future atmospheric CO2 levels. The International SOLAS (Surface Ocean - Lower Atmosphere Study) science plan and implementation strategy highlights the need for an improved understanding of gas exchange. One of the stated goal of the SOLAS program to develop quantitative understanding of processes responsible for air-sea exchange of mass, momentum and energy to permit accurate calculation of regional and global gas and aerosol fluxes. This requires establishing the dependence of these interfacial transfer mechanisms on physical, biological and chemical factors within the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. The investigator in this project will participate in the recently funded UK-SOLAS "Deep Ocean Gas Exchange Experiment", DOGEE. As part of this field experiment, two deliberate dual tracer patches will be released in close proximity to each other in the North Atlantic. One will be "labeled" with a surfactant in order to mimic the role of surface organic slicks in modifying gas transfer. The funded UK ship-based efforts will be enhanced with high resolution Lagrangian measurements of the air-sea interface. Specifically two Air-Sea Interaction Spar (ASIS) buoys, one in each patch, will be deployed to measure direct fluxes along with controlling surface physical processes (wind speed, wind stress, stability, surface waves, upper ocean turbulence and mixing, and key parameters governing mixed layer CO2 dynamics). In addition, a newly developed Air-Sea Interaction Profiler will be deployed to provide thermal and shear measurements in the very near surface. With these measurements, gas transfer process related specifically to surfactant effects, and to high wind processes will be better understood.Broader impacts: The current lack of an adequate parameterization of air-sea gas transfer rates contributes directly to our inability to predict with certainty future concentrations of CO2 and other climate relevant compounds in the atmosphere. This project will improve the accuracy of the global ocean carbon dioxide flux estimates and increase our understanding of the causes of its variability. Another broader impact is that this proposal establishes an international collaboration between research institutes in the US (RSMAS/U. Montana/ODU) and the UK. The proposed measurements employ state-of-the-art instrumentation, which will enhance the DOGEE experiment. The opportunity to participate in this experiment, and access to the data for subsequent analysis will provide for a unique dataset with which to increase our understanding of the role of air-sea CO2 exchange in influencing climate. The project will involve students as undergraduate and post-graduate research assistants. The University of Miami is a Hispanic Serving Institution and thereby fosters the participation of under-represented groups in science and engineering. The data will be made available through several data bases via WWW. The project will contribute to the active outreach activities coordinated through the RSMAS Dean's Office.This project is a contribution to the international SOLAS program.

0623247量化气-水界面气体通量的速率是海洋学的核心问题之一，在温室气体和海洋-大气预算方面至关重要。大气和海洋之间的二氧化碳（CO2）通量的巨大不确定性使我们无法确定海洋和陆地生物圈之间人为CO2汇的分配。这种不确定性也限制了现实模拟未来大气CO2水平的能力。《国际海上人命安全公约》（表层海洋-低层大气研究）科学计划和执行战略强调需要更好地了解气体交换。SOLAS计划的既定目标之一是对负责质量，动量和能量的海气交换过程进行定量了解，以便准确计算区域和全球气体和气溶胶通量。这就需要确定这些界面转移机制对大气和海洋边界层内的物理、生物和化学因素的依赖性。 该项目的调查员将参加最近资助的联合王国-SOLAS“深海气体交换实验”，DOGEE。作为这一实地实验的一部分，将在北大西洋相互靠近的地方释放两个故意的双重示踪剂补丁。其中一种将用表面活性剂“标记”，以模拟表面有机浮油在改变气体转移中的作用。将通过对海气界面进行高分辨率拉格朗日测量，加强资助的联合王国船基工作。具体而言，将部署两个海气相互作用Spar浮标（ASIS），每个区块一个，以测量直接通量沿着控制表面物理过程（风速、风应力、稳定性、表面波、上层海洋湍流和混合，以及控制混合层CO2动态的关键参数）。此外，还将部署一个新开发的海气相互作用剖面仪，以提供非常近的表面的热量和剪切测量。有了这些测量，气体传输过程中特别涉及到表面活性剂的影响，并大风processes.Broader的影响：目前缺乏一个适当的参数化海气传输率直接导致我们无法预测未来的浓度确定的CO2和其他气候相关的化合物在大气中。这一项目将提高全球海洋二氧化碳通量估计的准确性，并增进我们对其可变性原因的了解。另一个更广泛的影响是，该提案建立了美国研究机构之间的国际合作（RSMAS/U。Montana/ODU）和英国。拟议的测量采用了最先进的仪器，这将增强DOGEE实验。有机会参与这项实验，并获得数据进行后续分析，将提供一个独特的数据集，以增加我们对海气CO2交换在影响气候方面的作用的理解。该项目将涉及作为本科生和研究生研究助理的学生。迈阿密大学是一所西班牙裔服务机构，从而促进了科学和工程领域代表性不足的群体的参与。这些数据将通过万维网通过若干数据库提供。该项目将促进通过RSMAS主任办公室协调的积极外联活动，是对国际《海上人命安全公约》方案的贡献。