Doctoral Dissertation Research: A Cross-National Comparison of Non-Governmental Organizations

博士论文研究：非政府组织的跨国比较

• 批准号: 0623542
• 负责人: Ronald Angel
• 金额: $ 0.63万
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-08-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0623542&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Cross; National

SES-0623542PI(s): Ronald Angel Javier Pereira Bruno Institution: University of Texas-AustinThis research examines the role that NGOs and civil society organizations are playing in the context of enduring inequalities in maternal and child health, in three countries of Latin America: Argentina, Chile and Uruguay. After two decades of reforms in 1980s and 1990s, health inequality remains rampant and health standards of women and children in poor communities reveal the limits of state capacities and approaches. In this context, national governments and multilateral financial agencies are placing great hope in the potential ability of NGOs to reach poor communities, and to advance preventative models of care and develop intervention responses designed to address the needs of specific groups. Opportunities for the expansion of the NGO sector, its involvement in maternal and child health services, and the capacity of the non-governmental sector to effectively address maternal and child health needs varies across countries and is influenced by national economic, socio-political and institutional histories. The study design includes intensive ethnographic household interviewing in the three capital cities (Buenos Aires, Santiago and Montevideo) and a block by block census of health care NGOs in poor urban settings in order to compare services available to and used by families in need. The cross national nature of the study provides a unique possibility for theory building since it provides the opportunity to compare different paths of economic liberalization, welfare decentralization, social policy reforms, and gauge their impact on the maternal and child institutional landscape in communities marked by poverty and social exclusion. By comparing national experiences, the study will provide useful information as to whether and under what conditions NGOs can make a difference in poor populations' access to adequate health care, and it will provide information on how different policy regimes enhance or hinder effective alliances between state and civil society agencies. While third sector literature and multilateral organizations tend to take the advantages of the NGO sector over the state sector for granted, this study begins from a neutral position and examines the relative strengths and weaknesses of both sectors. In addition, it examines their interactions and explores the emergence of new institutional arrangements that are being forged in the maternal and child health field. Political and institutional variations underpinning recent civil society history offer excellent opportunities to advance sociological, political, economic, and organizational understandings of the modes in which large structures interrelate within particular institutional sectors. Broader Impacts: The collaborative agreements already made with national academic institutions will enhance the opportunities for collaborative work and the dissemination of findings among faculty and scholars from Argentina (Universidad Nacional General Sarmiento), Chile (Corporacion Innovacion Ciudadana), Uruguay (Universidad Catolica) and the United States (University of Texas, Austin). As part of research activities, undergraduate students will be trained and involved in the collection and coding of data for the study. Participant NGOs and their beneficiaries will gain a comparative perspective of their work. The analysis will be made available to the general public through publication in sociological journals, professional conferences and workshops at the mentioned institutions.

SES-0623542 PI：罗纳德Angel Javier佩雷拉Bruno机构：这项研究探讨了非政府组织和民间社会组织在拉丁美洲三个国家（阿根廷、智利和乌拉圭）的孕产妇和儿童健康长期不平等的背景下所发挥的作用。在1980年代和1990年代进行了20年的改革之后，健康不平等现象仍然猖獗，贫困社区妇女和儿童的健康水平暴露出国家能力和方法的局限性。在这方面，各国政府和多边金融机构对非政府组织的潜在能力寄予很大希望，希望它们能够深入贫困社区，推动预防性护理模式，并制定旨在满足特定群体需要的干预对策。扩大非政府组织部门的机会、参与妇幼保健服务的机会以及非政府组织部门有效满足妇幼保健需要的能力因国家而异，并受国家经济、社会政治和体制历史的影响。研究设计包括在三个首都城市（布宜诺斯艾利斯、圣地亚哥和蒙得维的亚）进行密集的人种学家庭访谈，并对贫困城市环境中的卫生保健非政府组织进行逐块普查，以比较有需要的家庭可获得和使用的服务。这项研究的跨国家性质为理论建设提供了一种独特的可能性，因为它提供了一个机会，比较不同的经济自由化，福利分权，社会政策改革的路径，并衡量其对贫困和社会排斥的社区的孕产妇和儿童机构景观的影响。通过比较各国的经验，这项研究将提供有用的资料，说明非政府组织是否以及在何种条件下能够在穷人获得适当保健方面发挥作用，并将提供资料，说明不同的政策制度如何加强或阻碍国家和民间社会机构之间的有效联盟。虽然第三部门的文献和多边组织往往采取的优势，非政府组织部门的国家部门的理所当然，本研究开始从一个中立的立场，并审查这两个部门的相对优势和劣势。此外，报告还审查了它们之间的相互作用，并探讨了在妇幼保健领域正在形成的新的体制安排。政治和制度的变化，支持最近的公民社会的历史提供了很好的机会，以促进社会学，政治，经济和组织的理解模式，其中大型结构在特定的机构部门相互关联。更广泛的影响：已经与国家学术机构达成的合作协议将增加合作的机会，并在来自阿根廷（萨米恩托国立大学）、智利（Ciudadana创新公司）、乌拉圭（天主教大学）和美国（得克萨斯大学，奥斯汀）的教师和学者中传播研究结果。作为研究活动的一部分，本科生将接受培训，并参与研究数据的收集和编码。 与会的非政府组织及其受益者将对其工作有一个比较的视角。分析结果将通过在社会学期刊上发表、在上述机构举行的专业会议和讲习班向公众公布。