Collaborative Research: Gymnosperms on the Tree of Life: Resolving the Phylogeny of Seed Plants

裸子植物ATOL：解决种子植物的系统发育获得者为哈佛大学的Sarah Mathews(首席PI)、建华·李(联合PI)、耶鲁大学的Reed S.Beaman(PI)、Nico Cellinese(Co-PI)、缅因州大学的Christopher S.Campbell(PI)、美国农业部林业局的Richard C.Cronn(合作者)、不列颠哥伦比亚大学的Sean W.Graham(Co-PI)、阿拉斯加大学的Stefan M.Ickert-Bond(PI)、加州大学伯克利分校和加州州立赫尔巴利分校的Dean G.Kelch(PI)；俄勒冈州立大学的Aaron I.Liston(PI)；中央华盛顿大学的Linda A.Raubeson(PI)；俄亥俄大学的Gar W.Rothwell(PI)，gene Mapes(Co-PI)；德克萨斯大学布朗斯维尔分校的Andrea E.Schwarzbach(PI)；纽约植物园的Dennis W.Stevenson(PI)；阿尔伯塔大学的Ruth A.Stockey(Co-Pi)致力于为所有现存的裸子植物和整个种子植物构建基于序列的系统发育假说，以及基于形态的假说，以包括裸子植物的所有现存物种(针叶树、苏铁、银杏和绞股蓝)，包括化石记录中的例子，以及被子植物(开花植物)的样本。分析中将利用核、叶绿体和线粒体序列以及形态特征，以包括裸子植物化石的丰富记录。所有数据(分子、形态、凭证等)将通过基于网络的信息工具Tolkin(生命之树知识和信息网，www.tolkin.org)的增强版提交给标准化和可访问的数据库。种子的进化标志着陆地植物历史上最重要的创新之一，并导致了更大的交配控制和增强了生存和传播能力。种子植物占主导地位；今天，森林和草原是我们最重要的资源之一。了解种子的起源(S)是了解种子植物系统发育的基础。获得所需的系统发育框架并不是一项微不足道的工作，多方面的方法旨在解决问题的内在复杂性，其中包括并非所有项目都考虑的方法(例如，包括所有裸子植物、生物多样性和生物多样性)，以及对化石数据的认真关注。虽然系统发育推断将是该项目的主要重点，但数据将对理解全球生物变化的历史模式产生重大影响，并将为许多重要植物性状的起源提供洞察，包括那些作为园艺和林业育种计划基础的性状。除了培训学生外，还将在几个植物园举办K-12教师讲习班。

AToL for Gymnosperms: Resolving the Phylogeny of Seed PlantsAn award is made to Sarah Mathews (Lead PI), Jianhua Li (Co-PI), Harvard University; Reed S. Beaman (PI), Nico Cellinese (Co-PI), Yale University; Christopher S. Campbell (PI), University of Maine; Richard C. Cronn (Collaborator), USDA Forest Service; Sean W. Graham (Co-PI), University of British Columbia; Stefanie M. Ickert-Bond (PI), University of Alaska; Dean G. Kelch (PI), University of California-Berkeley and California State Herbarium; Aaron I. Liston (PI), Oregon State University; Linda A. Raubeson (PI), Central Washington University; Gar W. Rothwell (PI), Gene Mapes (Co-PI), Ohio University; Andrea E. Schwarzbach (PI), University of Texas-Brownsville; Dennis W. Stevenson (PI), New York Botanical Garden; Ruth A. Stockey (Co-PI), University of Alberta to construct sequence-based phylogenetic hypotheses for all living gymnosperms and for seed plants overall, and morphology-based hypotheses to include ALL living species of gymnosperms (conifers, cycads, Gingko, and Gnetales) including examples from the fossil record, along with exemplar angiosperms (flowering plants). Nuclear, plastid and mitochondrial sequences will be utilized in the analysis along with the morphological characters to allow the rich record of fossil gymnosperms to be included. All of the data (molecular, morphological, voucher, etc.) will be submitted to standardized and accessible databases through an enhanced version of the web-based informatics tool TOLKIN (Tree Of Life Knowledge and Information Network, www.tolkin.org). The evolution of the seed marks one of the most important innovations in the history of land plants and led to greater mating control and to enhanced survival and dispersal capabilities. Seed bearing plants dominate the landscape; today, forests and grasslands are among our most important resources. Understanding the origin(s) of seeds is basic to understanding seed plant phylogeny. Obtaining the needed phylogenetic framework is not a trivial undertaking and the multi-faceted approach is designed to address the inherent complexity of the problem, incorporating approaches not considered by all projects (e.g., including all gymnosperms, serious attention to the fossil data). While phylogenetic inference will be the main focus of the project, data will bear significantly on the understanding of historic patterns of biotic change at the global level, and will provide insight into the origins of many important plant traits, including those that are the basis of breeding programs in horticulture and forestry. In addition to training students, workshops for K-12 teachers will be held at several botanic gardens.