ATOL Collaborative Research: Resolving Mammalian Phylogeny with Genomic and Morphological Approaches

AToL：合作研究：用基因组学和形态学方法解决哺乳动物系统发育问题Novacek，Michael J.，美国自然历史博物馆，EF 0629811 Murphy，William J.，得克萨斯A M研究基金会，EF 0629849 O 'Leary，Maureen A.，纽约州立大学斯托尼布鲁克，0629836罗哲曦，卡内基研究所，0629959施普林格，马克，加州大学滨江分校，0629860 在这个星球上繁衍生息的无数生物群中，只有少数几个有化石记录，可以记录它们的进化史。哺乳动物就是其中之一，它有大约5,000个现存的物种，分布在1135个现存的属中，包括我们自己的人类谱系，还有4,000多个灭绝的属，化石属与现存属的比例是4比1，在生物群的其他地方很难与之匹敌。 哺乳动物在大小、形态和适应性方面表现出惊人的变化。它们与人类的健康、福祉和经验密切相关。如果没有哺乳动物的全面进化史，所有的生命树都不能被认为是完整的。这种信念激发了古生物学、比较解剖学和分子生物学的研究热潮。尽管取得了这些重大进展，但哺乳动物生殖的许多方面尚未解决或极具争议，甚至在哺乳动物树上的一些主要分支点。PI建议检查135个现存的家庭，大部分的350个灭绝的家庭，物种样本，并将此样本扩展到一个属级数据集的500个现存的和近500个灭绝的属的基因和形态的综合分析。他们的分子团队将继续对分类群进行采样，目标是覆盖除鼠科动物（大鼠，小鼠和亲属）和松鼠科动物（松鼠）之外的所有现存属的95%。对于性格证据，PI计划从所有活着的家庭中至少一个样本的34个基因中抽取30 Kb的基因序列。对于项目中较大的通用级阶段，他们将采样至少6 Kb的序列。 形态学家将收集预计2,000个字符。大规模哺乳动物遗传学的完成将为进化和比较生物学提供一个模型系统，在保护和野生动物管理，人类健康，生物医学和其他领域有许多应用。此外，PI打算编译一个综合的和图像丰富的哺乳动物特征数据库，并将其转换为一个强大的工具包，用于保护管理，教育和推广，通过培训计划和网络资源。

AToL: Collaborative Research: Resolving Mammalian Phylogeny with Genomic and Morphological ApproachesNovacek, Michael J., American Museum of Natural History, EF 0629811 Murphy, William J., Texas A & M Research Foundation, EF 0629849 O'Leary, Maureen A., SUNY Stony Brook, EF 0629836 Luo, Zhe-Xi, Carnegie Institute, EF 0629959 Springer, Mark, Univ. California, Riverside, EF 0629860 AbstractOnly a few of the myriad biological groups now thriving on this planet have fossil records that chronicle their evolutionary past. One of these few is Mammalia, known from about 5,000 extant species distributed among 1135 living genera, including our own human lineage, and more than 4,000 extinct genera, a four-to-one ratio of fossil genera to living genera that can hardly be matched elsewhere in the biota. Mammals display a spectacular range in size, form, and adaptations. They are closely linked to human health, welfare, and experience. No tree of all life could be regarded as complete without a comprehensive phylogeny of Mammalia. This conviction has inspired a surge of work in paleontology, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology. Despite these significant gains, many aspects of mammalian phylogeny are unresolved or highly controversial, even at some of the major branching points on the mammalian tree. PIs propose to examine species exemplars for 135 extant families, the majority of some 350 extinct families, and to extend this sample to a generic-level data set of 500 extant and nearly 500 extinct genera for combined analysis of genes and morphology. Their molecular team will continue to sample taxa toward a goal of covering 95% of all living genera outside the murids (rats, mice, and kin) and sciurids (squirrels). For character evidence, PIs plan to sample 30Kb in gene sequences from 34 genes for at least one exemplar of all living families. For the larger generic-level phases of the project, they will sample at least 6Kb of sequence. Morphologists will collect a projected 2,000 characters. Completion of a broad scale phylogeny for mammals will provide a model system in evolutionary and comparative biology with numerous applications in conservation and wildlife management, human health, biomedicine, and other areas. In addition, PIs intend to compile an integrated and image rich database for mammalian characters and convert it into a powerful toolkit for conservation management, education, and outreach through training programs and web resources.