ATOL: Collaborative Research: Resolving Mammalian Phylogeny with Genomic and Morphological Approaches

合作研究：用基因组学和形态学方法解决哺乳动物系统发育问题novacek， Michael J.，美国自然历史博物馆，EF 0629811 Murphy, William J.， Texas A & M研究基金会，EF 0629849 O'Leary, Maureen A., SUNY Stony Brook, EF 0629836 Luo, zhei - xi，卡内基研究所，EF 0629959施普林格，Mark, California university, Riverside， EF 0629959施普林格【摘要】在这个星球上繁衍生息的无数生物群落中，只有少数有化石记录它们的进化史。其中之一是哺乳动物，已知有大约5000个现存物种，分布在1135个现存属中，包括我们自己的人类血统，还有4000多个灭绝的属，化石属与现存属的比例是四比一，这在生物群的其他地方很难与之匹敌。哺乳动物在大小、形态和适应性方面表现出惊人的变化。它们与人类的健康、福利和经验密切相关。没有哺乳动物的全面系统发育，任何生命树都不能被认为是完整的。这一信念激发了古生物学、比较解剖学和分子生物学领域的大量研究工作。尽管取得了这些重大进展，哺乳动物系统发育的许多方面仍未解决或极具争议，甚至在哺乳动物树的一些主要分支点上也是如此。pi建议研究135个现存科的物种样本，其中大部分是350个灭绝科，并将该样本扩展到500个现存属和近500个灭绝属的通用数据集，以进行基因和形态的联合分析。他们的分子小组将继续对分类群进行采样，目标是覆盖除鼠（大鼠、小鼠和近亲）和鼠（松鼠）之外95%的所有生物属。对于性格证据，pi计划从所有现存家庭中至少一个样本的34个基因中取样30Kb的基因序列。对于项目中较大的通用级阶段，他们将对至少6Kb的序列进行采样。形态学家预计将收集2000个汉字。哺乳动物大范围系统发育的完成将为进化和比较生物学提供一个模型系统，在保护和野生动物管理、人类健康、生物医学和其他领域具有广泛的应用。此外，pi还打算编制一个完整的、图像丰富的哺乳动物特征数据库，并将其转化为一个强大的工具包，用于保护管理、教育和通过培训计划和网络资源进行推广。

AToL: Collaborative Research: Resolving Mammalian Phylogeny with Genomic and Morphological ApproachesNovacek, Michael J., American Museum of Natural History, EF 0629811 Murphy, William J., Texas A & M Research Foundation, EF 0629849 O'Leary, Maureen A., SUNY Stony Brook, EF 0629836 Luo, Zhe-Xi, Carnegie Institute, EF 0629959 Springer, Mark, Univ. California, Riverside, EF 0629860 AbstractOnly a few of the myriad biological groups now thriving on this planet have fossil records that chronicle their evolutionary past. One of these few is Mammalia, known from about 5,000 extant species distributed among 1135 living genera, including our own human lineage, and more than 4,000 extinct genera, a four-to-one ratio of fossil genera to living genera that can hardly be matched elsewhere in the biota. Mammals display a spectacular range in size, form, and adaptations. They are closely linked to human health, welfare, and experience. No tree of all life could be regarded as complete without a comprehensive phylogeny of Mammalia. This conviction has inspired a surge of work in paleontology, comparative anatomy, and molecular biology. Despite these significant gains, many aspects of mammalian phylogeny are unresolved or highly controversial, even at some of the major branching points on the mammalian tree. PIs propose to examine species exemplars for 135 extant families, the majority of some 350 extinct families, and to extend this sample to a generic-level data set of 500 extant and nearly 500 extinct genera for combined analysis of genes and morphology. Their molecular team will continue to sample taxa toward a goal of covering 95% of all living genera outside the murids (rats, mice, and kin) and sciurids (squirrels). For character evidence, PIs plan to sample 30Kb in gene sequences from 34 genes for at least one exemplar of all living families. For the larger generic-level phases of the project, they will sample at least 6Kb of sequence. Morphologists will collect a projected 2,000 characters. Completion of a broad scale phylogeny for mammals will provide a model system in evolutionary and comparative biology with numerous applications in conservation and wildlife management, human health, biomedicine, and other areas. In addition, PIs intend to compile an integrated and image rich database for mammalian characters and convert it into a powerful toolkit for conservation management, education, and outreach through training programs and web resources.