Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Social Boundaries and Secondary State Formation in Southern Jordan: Modeling Iron Age Settlement Patterns in the Southern Levant

这个博士研究项目将探讨社会边界的操纵、贸易和铜冶金如何促进黎凡特南部的二级国家形成——特别是在铁器时代II时期（公元前1200-500年）的古以东（约旦南部）。拟议的“低地到高地”（L2HE）以东考古项目将于1996年3月26日开始进行。该项目将采用高精度放射性碳定年法，通过密集的系统考古实地调查，以及在以东高地的主要铁器时代遗址进行四个小型（5 x 5米）测深，对陶瓷进行类型学、系列学和风格分析。该项目将使用先进的数字考古记录技术，这些技术是联合pi在过去六年中参与加州大学圣地亚哥分校- DOAJ Jabal Hamrat Fidan （JHF）项目在以东低地开发的（Levy et al 2001; Levy et al 2005）。迄今为止，这些办法尚未在高地实施。在以东高地缺乏具有绝对年代的分层遗址阻碍了研究人员将低地和高地的历史和社会轨迹联系在一起的能力。该项目的关键知识价值之一是通过收集高原上三个铁器时代遗址的分层陶瓷组合和高精度AMS放射性碳测年来解决这个问题，以便与低地JHF项目的放射性测年遗址和陶瓷组合进行直接比较。这些研究的结果将直接有助于黎凡特考古学，通过本项目和该地区其他地区的过去项目进行的广泛调查，可以重新检查考古遗址的年代框架。这个数据集将提供过去考古模型中缺乏的严格的时间控制，这对于理解铁器时代以东的国家形成至关重要。此外，将该项目提出的陶瓷类型学和风格分析（包括INAA）、岩石薄切片分析和有机残留物分析纳入高地的广泛调查数据，将允许进行人类学考古研究，以调查社会边界和均质化在铁器时代国家形成中所起的作用。拟议中的项目还将以几种不同的方式对科学界和社会产生更广泛的影响：这个项目是展示先进的数字考古现场方法如何被考古学家应用于各种研究领域的第一步，这些研究领域具有不同的研究目标。具体地说，这项工作将表明，小型项目如何能够以最少的投资利用这些方法，但取得快速数据处理和数字出版以广泛传播的类似结果。2. 通过期刊、网络、论文等方式发表项目成果，并将这些陶瓷成果提交给加州大学圣地亚哥分校黎凡特考古实验室，以供本科生教学，从而促进发现和理解。3. 让加州大学圣地亚哥分校和当地社区学院的学生参与项目分析。4. 约旦人参加和训练考古调查和探测工作。

This doctoral research project will explore how the manipulation of social boundaries, trade and copper metallurgy contributed to secondary state formation in the southern Levant - specifically in ancient Edom (southern Jordan) during the Iron Age II period (ca. 1200-500 BCE). The proposed 'Lowlands to Highlands' (L2HE) Edom archaeological project will take place starting March 26th, 1996. Applying high precision radiocarbon dating, this project will conduct typological, seriological, and stylistic analyses of ceramics through an intensive systematic archaeological field survey, together with four small (5 x 5 meter) soundings at key Iron Age sites in the highlands of Edom. The project will use advanced digital archaeological recording techniques developed from the past six years of the co-PI's participation on the UCSD - DOAJ Jabal Hamrat Fidan (JHF) project in the lowlands of Edom (Levy et al 2001; Levy et al 2005). To date, these approaches have not been implemented in the highland. The lack of stratified sites with absolute dates in the Edomite highlands has hampered researchers' abilities to link the history and social trajectories of the lowlands and highlands together. One of the key intellectual merit's of this project is to solve this problem through collection of stratified ceramic assemblages and high precision AMS radiocarbon dates from three Iron Age sites on the highlands for direct comparison with the radiometrically dated sites and ceramic assemblages from the JHF project in the lowlands. The results from these studies will contribute directly to Levantine archaeology by allowing a reexamination of the chronological framework of the archaeological sites discovered through the extensive survey carried out by this project and past projects in other areas of the region. This dataset will provide the tight chronological control lacking in past archaeological models that is crucial for understanding state formation in Iron Age Edom. Furthermore, the inclusion of the extensive survey data in the highlands with the project's proposed ceramic typological and stylistic analyses including INAA, petrographic thin-section analysis, and organic residue analysis will allow an anthropological archaeological study to be conducted to investigate what role social boundaries and homogenization played in Iron Age state formation. The proposed project will also have a broader impact on the scientific community and society in several different ways: 1. This project is the first step in showing how advanced digital archaeology field methods can be applied by archaeologists in a variety of research areas with different research goals in mind. Specifically, this work will show how small projects can utilize these methods with minimal investment, but achieve similar results of rapid data processing and digital publication for broad dissemination. 2. Advancing discovery and understanding through publication of the project's results through journals, the web, dissertation, and contribution of the ceramics to the UCSD Levantine archaeology lab for undergraduate teaching. 3. Involving students from UCSD and local community colleges in the project's analyses. 4. The participation and training of Jordanians in the archaeological survey and soundings.