IPY: Collaborative Research: A Prototype Network for Measuring Arctic Winter Precipitation and Snow Cover (Snow-Net)

IPY：合作研究：测量北极冬季降水和积雪的原型网络（Snow-Net）

• 批准号: 0632131
• 负责人: Matthew Sturm
• 金额: $ 22.45万
• 依托单位: Department of Army Cold Regions Research & Engineering Lab
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Interagency Agreement
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0632131&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IPY; Collaborative; Research; Prototype; Network

A prototype international network is proposed to measure snowfall and ground snow at 5 arctic sites concurrently in an effort to improve the ability to monitor. All of the sites have been identified as key locations in a pan-arctic monitoring network and will augment existing meteorological and snow measuring instrumentation with solid-state snow pillows, heated plate precipitation sensors, snow fences, and eddy correlation towers for computation of sublimation. Ground surveys will also be conducted for snow cover depth, water equivalent, and other properties using tools that allow rapid collection of extensive data. These will be augmented with aerial photography and airborne remote sensing from inexpensive platforms (kites and UAVs) to visualize drift and deposition patterns. The combined suite of instruments and measurements is designed to allow closure of the winter water balance at each site, for the first time balancing the precipitation with measured accumulation. Using a set of modeling tools (e.g., a melt model, and a transport model for blowing snow), the PI's will a) develop methods and algorithms for quality checking both meteorological and snow data by cross-comparison between sensors and instruments, b) close the water balance in a way that produces more accurate values of winter precipitation and snow on the ground than are currently being collected, and c) apply a methodology to historical data from the existing gauge network to produce better estimates of past trends.

一个原型的国际网络，建议同时测量降雪和地面积雪在5个北极站点，努力提高监测能力。所有这些地点都被确定为泛北极监测网络的关键地点，并将通过固态雪枕、加热板降水传感器、防雪栅栏和用于计算升华的涡流相关塔来增强现有的气象和雪测量仪器。还将使用能够快速收集大量数据的工具，对积雪深度、水当量和其他特性进行地面调查。这些将通过廉价平台（风筝和无人机）的航空摄影和航空遥感来增强，以可视化漂移和沉积模式。仪器和测量的组合套件旨在关闭每个站点的冬季水平衡，首次平衡降水量与测量的累积量。使用一组建模工具（例如，融化模型和吹雪的传输模型），PI将a）通过传感器和仪器之间的交叉比较，开发用于质量检查气象和雪数据的方法和算法，B）以产生比目前收集的更准确的冬季降水和地面雪值的方式关闭水平衡，以及c）将一种方法应用于来自现有测量网络的历史数据，以产生对过去趋势的更好估计。