IPY: Collaborative Research: Linking Inuit Knowledge and Local-Scale Environmental Modeling to Evaluate the Impacts of Changing Weather on Human Activities at Clyde River, Nunavut

IPY：合作研究：将因纽特人知识与当地环境模型联系起来，评估气候变化对努勒维特克莱德河人类活动的影响

• 批准号: 0753369
• 负责人: Henry Huntington
• 金额: $ 10.75万
• 依托单位: Huntington Consulting
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0753369&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IPY; Collaborative; Research; Linking; Inuit

Climate change affects many aspects of the environment, including weather patterns and the frequencies of various weather events and phenomena. Inuit hunters and elders in Clyde River, Nunavut, have already observed changes in wind patterns and other weather features and have concerns about other potential changes in the future. Evaluating the nature and significance of these meteorological changes requires a multi-pronged, interdisciplinary approach that merges local knowledge and observations with physically based, high-resolution (local, human-relevant scales, like 100-m), downscaling/modeling of larger-scale regional and global climate changes.This project has three objectives: (1) to document Inuit observations and understanding of meteorological change; (2) to develop numerical models and analytical tools based on meteorological and climatological data that work at the same scales and on the same parameters as Inuit observations, and; (3) to connect the results of the first two objectives, working collaboratively with Inuit to explore the practical and scientific implications of our findings for the future. The research team's approach has four components, which are carried out through four stages of the project. The components are (a) documenting Inuit observations and other local information, (b) gathering meteorological data, (c) modeling weather and related phenomena on fine spatial (e.g., 100-m) and temporal (e.g., hourly) scales, and (d) integrating the first three components. The project will connect numerical models with Inuit knowledge and observations to evaluate the nature of meteorological change and to project likely changes in the coming decades at scales, and for parameters, of relevance to Inuit. It will open a wide range of possibilities for connecting climate and weather modeling to conditions of specific human interest at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. This developed approach will be available for wide application to any human activities affected by weather, from the under-served indigenous populations of the Arctic, to commercial and industrial enterprises taking place in severe environments.The project is innovative, interdisciplinary, international, and legacy-building. It is innovative and interdisciplinary because it connects in new ways two very different disciplines that share a common interest in arctic environmental change. It is international because it involves Canadian and American participants, and includes links to several existing IPY projects. It builds a legacy because its approach has a wide range of potential applications for anyone who works extensively in the Arctic. The project addresses both NSF areas of ?Understanding Environmental Change in Polar Regions? and ?Human and Biotic Systems in Polar Regions,? and the linkages between the two. The latter is the focus of the project: we seek to determine exactly what aspects of meteorological change are or are likely to be most significant to Inuit hunters. The ways those hunters interact with their environment, particularly the role of weather conditions in their decision-making, will also shed light on the function of human systems in the Arctic, giving insight into the sensitivity of Inuit hunting activities to changes in weather and other environmental parameters.

气候变化影响环境的许多方面，包括天气模式和各种天气事件和现象的频率。努纳武特克莱德河的因纽特猎人和老人已经观察到风向和其他天气特征的变化，并对未来的其他潜在变化感到担忧。评估这些气象变化的性质和意义需要一种多管齐下、跨学科的方法，将当地知识和观测与基于物理的高分辨率（当地的、与人类相关的尺度，如100米）、大尺度区域和全球气候变化的降尺度/模拟相结合。该项目有三个目标：(1)记录因纽特人对气象变化的观测和理解；(2)根据与因纽特人观测在相同尺度和相同参数上工作的气象和气候资料开发数值模式和分析工具；(3)将前两个目标的结果联系起来，与因纽特人合作，探索我们的发现对未来的实际和科学意义。研究小组的方法有四个组成部分，它们通过项目的四个阶段进行。这些组成部分是(a)记录因纽特观测和其他当地信息，(b)收集气象数据，(c)在精细空间尺度（例如100米）和时间尺度（例如小时）上模拟天气和相关现象，以及(d)整合前三个组成部分。该项目将把数值模型与因纽特人的知识和观测联系起来，以评估气象变化的性质，并在尺度和参数上预测未来几十年与因纽特人有关的可能变化。它将为在适当的空间和时间尺度上将气候和天气模型与特定人类感兴趣的条件联系起来开辟广泛的可能性。这种发展起来的方法将可广泛应用于任何受天气影响的人类活动，从服务不足的北极土著居民到在恶劣环境中进行的商业和工业企业。该项目具有创新性、跨学科性、国际性和传承性。它具有创新性和跨学科性，因为它以新的方式将两个非常不同的学科联系在一起，这两个学科对北极环境变化有着共同的兴趣。它是国际性的，因为它涉及加拿大和美国的参与者，并包括与几个现有国际和平年项目的链接。它建立了一个遗产，因为它的方法对任何在北极广泛工作的人都有广泛的潜在应用。该项目涉及两个NSF领域？了解极地的环境变化？然后呢?极地地区的人类和生物系统？以及两者之间的联系。后者是该项目的重点：我们试图确定气象变化的哪些方面对因纽特猎人来说是或可能是最重要的。这些猎人与环境相互作用的方式，特别是天气条件在他们决策中的作用，也将揭示北极人类系统的功能，使人们深入了解因纽特人狩猎活动对天气和其他环境参数变化的敏感性。