IPY: Collaborative Research: Linking Inuit Knowledge and Local-Scale Environmental Modeling to Evaluate the Impacts of Changing Weather on Human Activities at Clyde River, Nunavut

气候变化影响环境的许多方面，包括天气模式以及各种天气事件和现象的频率。努纳武特地区克莱德河的因纽特猎人和长者已经观察到风型和其他天气特征的变化，并对未来其他潜在的变化感到担忧。评估这些气象变化的性质和重要性需要采用多管齐下、跨学科的方法，将当地知识和观测与基于物理的高分辨率（当地的、与人类相关的尺度，如100米）、大规模区域和全球气候变化的降尺度/建模相结合。该项目有三个目标：（1）记录因纽特人对气象变化的观测和理解； (2) 开发基于气象和气候数据的数值模型和分析工具，其工作范围和参数与因纽特人的观测结果相同； (3) 将前两个目标的结果联系起来，与因纽特人合作，探索我们的发现对未来的实际和科学影响。研究团队的方法有四个组成部分，通过项目的四个阶段进行。这些组成部分是（a）记录因纽特人的观测和其他当地信息，（b）收集气象数据，（c）在精细空间（例如100米）和时间（例如每小时）尺度上对天气和相关现象进行建模，以及（d）整合前三个组成部分。该项目将把数值模型与因纽特人的知识和观测联系起来，以评估气象变化的性质，并预测未来几十年与因纽特人相关的尺度和参数可能发生的变化。它将为在适当的空间和时间尺度上将气候和天气模型与人类特定兴趣的条件联系起来提供广泛的可能性。这种开发的方法将可广泛应用于任何受天气影响的人类活动，从服务不足的北极土著居民，到在恶劣环境中开展的商业和工业企业。该项目具有创新性、跨学科性、国际性和遗产建设性。它具有创新性和跨学科性，因为它以新的方式将两个截然不同的学科联系起来，而这两个学科对北极环境变化有着共同的兴趣。它是国际性的，因为它涉及加拿大和美国的参与者，并包含几个现有 IPY 项目的链接。它创造了一个遗产，因为它的方法对于任何在北极广泛工作的人来说都有广泛的潜在应用。该项目涉及“了解极地地区环境变化”的两个 NSF 领域。和“极地地区的人类和生物系统”，？以及两者之间的联系。后者是该项目的重点：我们试图准确确定气象变化的哪些方面对于因纽特猎人来说是或可能是最重要的。这些猎人与环境互动的方式，特别是天气条件在他们决策中的作用，也将揭示北极人类系统的功能，从而深入了解因纽特人狩猎活动对天气和其他环境参数变化的敏感性。

Climate change affects many aspects of the environment, including weather patterns and the frequencies of various weather events and phenomena. Inuit hunters and elders in Clyde River, Nunavut, have already observed changes in wind patterns and other weather features and have concerns about other potential changes in the future. Evaluating the nature and significance of these meteorological changes requires a multi-pronged, interdisciplinary approach that merges local knowledge and observations with physically based, high-resolution (local, human-relevant scales, like 100-m), downscaling/modeling of larger-scale regional and global climate changes.This project has three objectives: (1) to document Inuit observations and understanding of meteorological change; (2) to develop numerical models and analytical tools based on meteorological and climatological data that work at the same scales and on the same parameters as Inuit observations, and; (3) to connect the results of the first two objectives, working collaboratively with Inuit to explore the practical and scientific implications of our findings for the future. The research team's approach has four components, which are carried out through four stages of the project. The components are (a) documenting Inuit observations and other local information, (b) gathering meteorological data, (c) modeling weather and related phenomena on fine spatial (e.g., 100-m) and temporal (e.g., hourly) scales, and (d) integrating the first three components. The project will connect numerical models with Inuit knowledge and observations to evaluate the nature of meteorological change and to project likely changes in the coming decades at scales, and for parameters, of relevance to Inuit. It will open a wide range of possibilities for connecting climate and weather modeling to conditions of specific human interest at appropriate spatial and temporal scales. This developed approach will be available for wide application to any human activities affected by weather, from the under-served indigenous populations of the Arctic, to commercial and industrial enterprises taking place in severe environments.The project is innovative, interdisciplinary, international, and legacy-building. It is innovative and interdisciplinary because it connects in new ways two very different disciplines that share a common interest in arctic environmental change. It is international because it involves Canadian and American participants, and includes links to several existing IPY projects. It builds a legacy because its approach has a wide range of potential applications for anyone who works extensively in the Arctic. The project addresses both NSF areas of ?Understanding Environmental Change in Polar Regions? and ?Human and Biotic Systems in Polar Regions,? and the linkages between the two. The latter is the focus of the project: we seek to determine exactly what aspects of meteorological change are or are likely to be most significant to Inuit hunters. The ways those hunters interact with their environment, particularly the role of weather conditions in their decision-making, will also shed light on the function of human systems in the Arctic, giving insight into the sensitivity of Inuit hunting activities to changes in weather and other environmental parameters.