SBIR Phase I: Algorithms and Visualization Techniques for the Detection of Geographic Aberrations in Crime (GIS)

这个小企业技术转让第一阶段研究项目测试了利用空间统计使警察人员能够根据日常警务活动中收集的数据检验其犯罪理论的软件工具的可行性。具体而言，该研究将验证创新软件工具的可行性，这些工具可以搜索警察部门的历史数据，搜索犯罪分析师提出的理论或“预感”所期望的地理异常，并应用空间统计来证实或否认假设。预防犯罪是一项更复杂的任务，而不是简单地绘制事件或逮捕图并相应地部署资源。分析犯罪高峰或发生在集中地理区域的异常异常的能力，是警务领域的一项创新，有可能提高全国警察部门的组织能力。该项目还将研究开发一种软件界面，使日常犯罪分析人员、警察和警察队长能够通过应用空间统计来测试“预感”，对犯罪进行空间分析。该产品除了明显的市场，即执法部门外，在各级政府都有应用。此外，国土安全部、海岸警卫队或军警等“特殊”执法机构也有市场。在人口超过10万的大约250个城市中，每个城市都有警察部门可以使用这种系统。这些工具将帮助警察人员更好地完成工作，效率的提高将带来更好的警务和其他社会效益。因为“预感”并不局限于警务，在这个研究项目中开发的算法和技术将适用于其他具有相同类型的信息模式的数据集——在空间和时间上发生的时间点，如消费者购买模式或流行病学。

This Small Business Technology Transfer Phase I research project tests the feasibility of software tools that leverage spatial statistics to enable police personnel to test their theories of criminality against data collected in the day-today activities of policing. Specifically, the research will validate the feasibility of innovative software tools that scour the historic data of a police department, search for geographic aberrations expected by the theories or 'hunches' put forth by crime analysts, and apply spatial statistics to confirm or deny the supposition. Preventing crime is a more sophisticated task than simply mapping incidents or arrests and deploying resources accordingly. The ability to analyze crime spikes, or unusual aberrations that occur in concentrated geographic areas, is an innovation in policing which holds the potential to enhance the organizational capacity of police departments across the country. The project will also study the development of a software interface that enables everyday crime analysts, police officers, and police captains to perform spatial analysis of crime by applying spatial statistics to test 'hunches'. In addition to this product's obvious market, i.e. law enforcement, there are applications in all levels of government. In addition, there is a market in 'special' law enforcement agencies such as The Department of Homeland Security, the Coast Guard or Military Police. Of the roughly 250 municipalities with populations of over 100,000 people, each has police departments that would find this system of use. The tools will assist police personnel to do a better job, and the efficiency gains will result in better policing and other societal benefits. Because 'Hunches' are not limited to policing, the algorithms and technologies developed in this research project will be applicable to other datasets that have the same sort of informational pattern - points of time occurring in space and time, such as consumer buying patterns or epidemiology.