SBIR Phase I: Algorithms and Visualization Techniques for the Detection of Geographic Aberrations in Crime (GIS)

SBIR 第一阶段：犯罪地理畸变检测算法和可视化技术 (GIS)

• 批准号: 0637589
• 负责人: M. Cecelia Buchanan
• 金额: $ 10万
• 依托单位: Azavea Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0637589&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SBIR; Phase; Algorithms; Visualization; Techniques

This Small Business Technology Transfer Phase I research project tests the feasibility of software tools that leverage spatial statistics to enable police personnel to test their theories of criminality against data collected in the day-today activities of policing. Specifically, the research will validate the feasibility of innovative software tools that scour the historic data of a police department, search for geographic aberrations expected by the theories or 'hunches' put forth by crime analysts, and apply spatial statistics to confirm or deny the supposition. Preventing crime is a more sophisticated task than simply mapping incidents or arrests and deploying resources accordingly. The ability to analyze crime spikes, or unusual aberrations that occur in concentrated geographic areas, is an innovation in policing which holds the potential to enhance the organizational capacity of police departments across the country. The project will also study the development of a software interface that enables everyday crime analysts, police officers, and police captains to perform spatial analysis of crime by applying spatial statistics to test 'hunches'. In addition to this product's obvious market, i.e. law enforcement, there are applications in all levels of government. In addition, there is a market in 'special' law enforcement agencies such as The Department of Homeland Security, the Coast Guard or Military Police. Of the roughly 250 municipalities with populations of over 100,000 people, each has police departments that would find this system of use. The tools will assist police personnel to do a better job, and the efficiency gains will result in better policing and other societal benefits. Because 'Hunches' are not limited to policing, the algorithms and technologies developed in this research project will be applicable to other datasets that have the same sort of informational pattern - points of time occurring in space and time, such as consumer buying patterns or epidemiology.

这一小企业技术转让第一阶段研究项目测试软件工具的可行性，这些工具利用空间统计数据，使警务人员能够根据日常警务活动中收集的数据来测试他们的犯罪理论。具体而言，研究将验证创新的软件工具，冲刷警察部门的历史数据的可行性，搜索犯罪分析师提出的理论或“预感”所预期的地理畸变，并应用空间统计来确认或否认的假设。预防犯罪是一项比简单地查明事件或逮捕并相应地部署资源更为复杂的任务。分析犯罪高峰或集中地理区域发生的异常行为的能力是警务方面的一项创新，有可能提高全国警察部门的组织能力。该项目还将研究开发一个软件界面，使日常犯罪分析人员、警官和警长能够通过应用空间统计来测试“预感”，对犯罪进行空间分析。除了该产品的明显市场，即执法，还有各级政府的应用。此外，在国土安全部、海岸警卫队或宪兵等“特殊”执法机构也有市场。在大约250个人口超过10万的城市中，每个城市都有警察部门会发现这个系统的用处。这些工具将有助于警务人员更好地开展工作，效率的提高将带来更好的警务工作和其他社会效益。由于“预感”并不局限于警务，本研究项目中开发的算法和技术将适用于具有相同信息模式的其他数据集-在空间和时间中发生的时间点，例如消费者购买模式或流行病学。