Doctoral Dissertation Research: International History of Computing
博士论文研究:国际计算史
基本信息
- 批准号:0646603
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 1.16万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:美国
- 项目类别:Standard Grant
- 财政年份:2007
- 资助国家:美国
- 起止时间:2007-02-01 至 2009-01-31
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Building on the literature of technology transfer studies, this Science and Society Dissertation Improvement Grant investigates international exchanges of technical knowledge about computers and computing. It also assesses the impact of these exchanges on technological developments in computing, namely the extent to which local needs affected the development of both hardware and software sold by the American firms, IBM and Remington Rand, that dominated the international market in the years between 1945 and 1970. NSF will support archival research at IBM, at the National Archives and at a number of German archives, among which are the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the archive of the Technical University in Munich, the Bundesarchiv at Koblenz and the Wirtschaftsarchiv at the University of Cologne. Research in these archives will be focused on understanding the social, economic and political conditions of international exchanges, particularly as set by the European Recovery Program; the reasons why American computer manufacturers wanted to expand into international markets; how these corporations organized international research, development and marketing, and how the hardware and software they developed was adapted to local conditions. As its major intellectual merit, this project analyzes corporations as media for the transmission of technical knowledge. In the 20th century, multinational corporations have become owners of technical knowledge, and through their varied activities, they often foster and control its communication. How they do this is a subject that historiansof computing and historians of business have barely considered, let alone understood. In addition, by using an international approach to the history of computing, this project will mitigate against the overly American-centric version of the history of computing which currently dominates the literature. Its approach will actually be more transnational than international; it is concerned with how corporations, rather than nationstates, mediate the transfer of technologies and of technological knowledge. Thereby it opens up and resolves some new questions about the nature of international technology transfer in the second half of the 20th century. This research and the dissertation that will be based on it will have a broader impact on a question of considerable public concern: how technologies are shaped by the interests of both multinational corporations and local consumers. This dissertation will be published and the investigator intends to pursue an academic career in which this question, and others associated with it, will be the focus of her teaching as well as her research. The investigator has been offered access to the IBM corporate archives, and her dissertation, when published, will offer a rare glimpse into the role one of the world's most powerful corporations played in technological development and in international relations and, through these, on everyday life in many corners of the world.
在技术转让研究文献的基础上,这项科学与社会论文改进补助金调查了有关计算机和计算的技术知识的国际交流。报告还评估了这些交流对计算技术发展的影响,即当地需求在多大程度上影响了1945年至1970年期间主导国际市场的美国公司IBM和雷明顿兰德公司销售的硬件和软件的发展。国家科学基金会将支持IBM、国家档案馆和一些德国档案馆的档案研究,其中包括慕尼黑的德意志博物馆、慕尼黑的技术大学档案馆、科布伦茨的联邦档案馆和科隆大学的经济档案馆。在这些档案的研究将集中在了解国际交流的社会,经济和政治条件,特别是由欧洲复苏计划设置;为什么美国计算机制造商要扩展到国际市场的原因;这些公司如何组织国际研究,开发和营销,以及他们开发的硬件和软件如何适应当地条件。作为其主要的智力价值,本项目分析了作为技术知识传播媒介的企业。在20世纪世纪,跨国公司已经成为技术知识的所有者,并通过其各种活动,往往培育和控制它的传播。他们如何做到这一点是一个计算历史学家和商业历史学家几乎没有考虑过的问题,更不用说理解了。此外,通过使用国际方法来计算的历史,这个项目将减轻对计算的历史,目前占主导地位的文学过于美国为中心的版本。它的方法实际上将更具跨国性,而不是国际性;它关注的是公司而不是民族国家如何调解技术和技术知识的转让。从而为世纪后半叶国际技术转移的性质问题提供了新的思路和解决方法。这项研究和论文,将基于它将有一个相当大的公众关注的问题产生更广泛的影响:技术是如何形成的跨国公司和当地消费者的利益。这篇论文将被出版,调查员打算追求的学术生涯中,这个问题,以及与之相关的其他人,将是她的教学和研究的重点。研究人员已被提供访问IBM公司档案,她的论文,出版时,将提供一个难得的一瞥到世界上最强大的公司之一,在技术发展和国际关系中发挥的作用,并通过这些,在世界许多角落的日常生活。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
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Ruth Cowan其他文献
Ruth Cowan的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Ruth Cowan', 18)}}的其他基金
Motor City: Ford, Mass Production and the Industrial Ecology of Detroit, 1908-1927
汽车城:福特,底特律的大规模生产和工业生态,1908-1927 年
- 批准号:
0849038 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: Support for Tanfer Emin: Technological Change in Pregnancy Termination, 1850 - 1980
论文研究:对坦弗·艾敏的支持:终止妊娠的技术变革,1850 年 - 1980 年
- 批准号:
0240325 - 财政年份:2003
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Dissertation Research: American Radio in Shanghai, 1919-1941
论文研究:上海美国广播电台,1919-1941
- 批准号:
9906205 - 财政年份:1999
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: From the Laboratory to Society: The Development of Natural Family Planning
博士论文研究:从实验室到社会:自然计划生育的发展
- 批准号:
9529186 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research: An Integrative Biography of Barbara McClintock and Transposable Elements
博士论文研究:芭芭拉·麦克林托克和转座元件的综合传记
- 批准号:
9632708 - 财政年份:1996
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The Development of Technological Systems in Biomedical Research: The Case of Amniocentesis
生物医学研究技术系统的发展:羊膜穿刺术案例
- 批准号:
8811365 - 财政年份:1989
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research in History and Philosophy of Science
科学史与科学哲学博士论文研究
- 批准号:
8509940 - 财政年份:1985
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
History of Household Technology in the United States, 1900-1970
美国家用技术史,1900 年至 1970 年
- 批准号:
7912968 - 财政年份:1979
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Research in History of Science
科学史博士论文研究
- 批准号:
7721205 - 财政年份:1977
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
The Impacts of Technology on Society: the Case of HouseholdTechnology in the United States, 1900 to 1950
技术对社会的影响:以 1900 年至 1950 年美国家用技术为例
- 批准号:
7602424 - 财政年份:1976
- 资助金额:
$ 1.16万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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