Mass Spectrometry Measurements of the Size-Resolved Single Particle Mixing State of Atmospheric Aerosols and Ice and Cloud Nuclei During ICE-L

ICE-L 期间大气气溶胶、冰和云核的尺寸分辨单粒子混合状态的质谱测量

• 批准号: 0650659
• 负责人: Kimberly Prather
• 金额: $ 36万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0650659&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mass; Spectrometry; Measurements; Size; Resolved

The Ice in Clouds Experiment-Layer (ICE-L) field study will be performed in fall 2007 on the NSF C-130 aircraft, to test whether ice nucleation measurements and other aerosol properties can be used to predict ice particle nucleation in clouds. An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (A-ATOFMS) will be used to characterize the size-resolved mixing state of aerosols during the campaign, in order to determine whether there is a causal relationship between aerosol mixing state, ice nuclei, and ice crystal number concentrations. The A-ATOFMS provides information on the aerodynamic size and chemical composition of individual particles with sizes between 80-2000 nm. It will directly sample ambient aerosols, as well as residual nuclei from a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) on the aircraft, to compare the chemistry of out-of-cloud and interstitial aerosols with cloud and ice nuclei. Both refractory and non-refractory elements including dust, metals, soot, sea salt, organic carbon, and secondary species can be measured. The findings will guide lab studies that focus on the variability of ice nucleation activity for a range of heterogeneously reacted dust particles. In turn, the findings from the lab studies will be used in model parameterizations to be compared with ICE-L data to determine whether more accurate predictions of ice crystal concentrations can be achieved from measured microphysical and chemical properties of clouds and aerosols. Graduate and undergraduate students will be trained in chemistry, physics, atmospheric science, and instrument development. A web page highlighting these studies will be developed as well as a public exhibit at the Birch Aquarium focusing on ice clouds and how they form in the atmosphere and impact climate. A portion of the exhibit will be mobile and taken to local schools. The project will be to help educate the public on how anthropogenic emissions and the nature of aerosols can impact climate both regionally and globally.

云中冰实验层 (ICE-L) 实地研究将于 2007 年秋季在 NSF C-130 飞机上进行，以测试冰成核测量和其他气溶胶特性是否可用于预测云中冰粒子成核。 气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪（A-ATOFMS）将用于表征活动期间气溶胶的尺寸分辨混合状态，以确定气溶胶混合状态、冰核和冰晶数浓度之间是否存在因果关系。 A-ATOFMS 提供有关尺寸在 80-2000 nm 之间的单个颗粒的空气动力学尺寸和化学成分的信息。 它将直接对环境气溶胶以及来自飞机上的逆流虚拟撞击器（CVI）的残留核进行采样，以将云外和间质气溶胶与云和冰核的化学成分进行比较。 可以测量难熔和非难熔元素，包括灰尘、金属、烟灰、海盐、有机碳和次生物质。 这些发现将指导实验室研究，重点关注一系列非均质反应的尘埃颗粒的冰成核活性的变化。 反过来，实验室研究的结果将用于模型参数化，与 ICE-L 数据进行比较，以确定是否可以根据测量的云和气溶胶的微物理和化学特性来实现更准确的冰晶浓度预测。 研究生和本科生将接受化学、物理、大气科学和仪器开发方面的培训。 将开发一个强调这些研究的网页，并在桦木水族馆举办公开展览，重点关注冰云及其在大气中形成和影响气候的方式。 展览的一部分将被移动并带到当地学校。 该项目将帮助公众了解人为排放和气溶胶的性质如何影响区域和全球气候。