CCI: Chemistry effects on climate: Heterogeneous reactions on complex atmospheric aerosol particles

CCI：化学对气候的影响：复杂大气气溶胶颗粒的异质反应

• 批准号: 1038028
• 负责人: Kimberly Prather
• 金额: $ 150万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-10-01 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1038028&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CCI; Chemistry; effects; climate; Heterogeneous

The goal of this Phase I CCI is to establish interdisciplinary bridges linking theoretical and laboratory studies of heterogeneous chemical reactions under atmosphere-like conditions with field data and observations of real aerosol particles, as the means to establish a fundamental understanding of how complex reaction processes occurring on surfaces of aerosol particles impact climate, marine and atmospheric chemistry, and biogeochemical cycling. There is limited understanding of the chemistry occurring on the surfaces of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, even though the chemistry affects the particles' physicochemical properties, and thus, determines their overall impact on the Earth's climate. Due to the extreme complexity of atmospheric particles, experimental and theoretical studies have traditionally focused almost exclusively on heterogeneous reactions of simplified model systems, establishing only tenuous relationships with the properties affecting the chemical reactivity of real atmospheric particles. In contrast, field studies, which give unique insight into the complexity of real aerosol particles, cannot resolve the fundamental mechanistic drivers that ultimately control their impact on atmospheric chemistry and climate. Thus, the Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CAICE) will perform fundamental chemistry studies on the surfaces of real, complex aerosol particles created in controlled environments using a unique ocean-atmosphere reaction chamber to produce sea spray aerosols. A range of modeling and measurement approaches will be used to probe the chemistry and molecular scale properties of the generated sea spray aerosols and their subsequent reactions. The studies will allow the CCI to begin quantifying how specific heterogeneous reactions change the climate relevant properties of aerosols. The Center for Aerosol Impacts on Climate and the Environment (CAICE) will also have broad impact by educating the future researchers who will have to grapple with large scale complex interactions in our environment. An interdisciplinary teaching curriculum will be developed to enable the students to acquire a solid foundation in fundamental chemistry, while focusing on problems related to the ocean, atmosphere, climate, chemistry and biology. The research in the Center will be shared with the scientific community through education and outreach activities, publications, presentations, news media, the web, and public workshops. Both CCI faculty and students will be actively involved in education and outreach programs. A key element in the public outreach plans is the Birch Aquarium which will host a new exhibit highlighting the Center's research to its 400,000 annual visitors. The Centers for Chemical Innovation (CCI) Program supports research centers that can address major, long-term fundamental chemical research challenges that have a high probability of both producing transformative research and leading to innovation. These Centers will attract broad scientific and public interest by sharing the results of their innovative approach to this challenging question.

第一阶段CCI的目标是建立跨学科的桥梁，将类似大气条件下的非均相化学反应的理论和实验室研究与实际气溶胶颗粒的现场数据和观测联系起来，作为建立气溶胶颗粒表面发生的复杂反应过程如何影响气候，海洋和大气化学以及生物地球化学循环的基本理解的手段。人们对大气中气溶胶颗粒表面发生的化学反应了解有限，尽管化学反应会影响颗粒的物理化学性质，从而决定它们对地球气候的总体影响。由于大气粒子的极端复杂性，传统上的实验和理论研究几乎完全集中在简化模型系统的非均相反应上，仅与影响真实大气粒子化学反应性的性质建立了微弱的关系。相比之下，实地研究虽然对真实气溶胶颗粒的复杂性提供了独特的见解，但却无法解决最终控制它们对大气化学和气候影响的基本机制驱动因素。因此，气溶胶对气候和环境的影响中心（CAICE）将利用独特的海洋-大气反应室产生海洋喷雾气溶胶，对受控环境中产生的真实复杂气溶胶颗粒的表面进行基础化学研究。一系列的建模和测量方法将被用来探测所产生的海洋喷雾气溶胶及其随后的反应的化学和分子尺度特性。这些研究将允许CCI开始量化特定的非均相反应如何改变气溶胶与气候相关的特性。气溶胶对气候和环境的影响中心（CAICE）也将通过教育未来的研究人员来产生广泛的影响，这些研究人员将不得不与我们环境中大规模复杂的相互作用作斗争。我们将发展跨学科的教学课程，使学生在基础化学方面获得坚实的基础，同时重点关注与海洋、大气、气候、化学和生物有关的问题。中心的研究成果将通过教育和推广活动、出版物、演讲、新闻媒体、网络和公共研讨会与科学界分享。CCI的教师和学生都将积极参与教育和推广项目。公众宣传计划的一个关键因素是桦树水族馆，它将为每年40万游客举办一个新的展览，突出该中心的研究。化学创新中心（CCI）计划支持能够解决重大、长期基础化学研究挑战的研究中心，这些研究中心有很大可能产生变革性研究并导致创新。这些中心将通过分享他们对这一具有挑战性的问题的创新方法的成果，吸引广泛的科学和公众兴趣。