Mechanistic Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Sustainable Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies to Remove Turbidity and Deactivate Coliform Bacteria

用于去除浊度和灭活大肠菌的可持续使用点水处理技术的机械实验室和现场评估

• 批准号: 0651966
• 负责人: James Smith
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-07-01 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0651966&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanistic; Laboratory; Field; Evaluation; Sustainable

Smith, James PIUniversity of Virginia0651966Mechanistic Laboratory and Field Evaluation of Sustainable Point-of-Use Water Treatment Technologies to Remove Turbidity and Deactivate Coliform BacteriaThis project, which is the first to be funded through the unsolicited proposals received by the new Environmental Sustainability program, will investigate the mechanisms involved in removal of turbidity and inactivation of pathogens by point-of-use drinking water treatment schemes. The research team will use laboratory studies to delve into the fundamental mechanisms responsible for the activity of naturally occurring coagulants derived from food crops grown in developing countries, such as Zea mays and Okra as well as other plants such as Opuntia sp (Nopal). The team will also investigate the filtration properties and inactivation mechanisms of colloidal silver-treated ceramic filters, which are being made in developing countries through the work of a non-governmental organization, Potters for Peace. Although flow characteristics are a design parameter for the filter, the anti-microbial properties of the filtering systems have not been investigated to the degree necessary for a mechanistic understanding. The combination of the ceramic filters and the natural coagulants will also be considered. As a measure of the sustainability, a streamlined life cycle cost analysis (LCC) and a life cycle assessment (LCA) will be conducted for the point of use system developed and compared to conventional treatment methods using alum or ferric sulfate. The laboratory study will be followed by field work in the colonias in an around Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, in collaboration with the Universidad Autonoma de Ciudad Juarez (UACJ). Researchers and students from UACJ will contribute their substantial expertise to the effort. Past research in the region by University of Virginia researchers has resulted in more environmentally benign brick kilns, the emissions of which have been studied by researchers from UACJ. Potters for Peace has established a ceramic filter manufacturing plant about 100 miles south of the location of the field study, which will supply the filters for the field study. The team will also work with the Center for Housing and Urban Development of Texas A&M University. Undergraduate students from the University of Virginia will work on various aspects of both the laboratory and field studies. The project will likely provide extensive societal and educational benefits to the colonias, and the graduate and undergraduate students of both universities. The discoveries of fundamental mechanisms for coagulation and pathogen inactivation will inform the engineering science of water treatment. This award is being jointly funded by the Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems (CBET), and the Office of International Science and Engineering (OISE).

史密斯，詹姆斯PI美国宾夕法尼亚大学0651966机械实验室和现场评估的可持续点的使用水处理技术，以消除Turnish和灭活大肠杆菌这个项目，这是第一个通过新的环境可持续性计划收到的未经请求的建议，将调查机制参与去除浊度和灭活病原体的使用点饮用水处理方案。 该研究小组将利用实验室研究来深入研究发展中国家种植的粮食作物（如玉米和秋葵）以及其他植物（如仙人掌）中天然存在的凝血剂活性的基本机制。 该小组还将调查经胶态银处理的陶瓷过滤器的过滤特性和失活机制，这种陶瓷过滤器正在发展中国家通过一个非政府组织“和平陶工”的工作制造。 虽然流量特性是过滤器的设计参数，但尚未对过滤系统的抗菌性能进行必要程度的研究，以了解其机理。 还将考虑陶瓷过滤器和天然凝结剂的组合。 作为可持续性的衡量标准，将对开发的使用点系统进行简化的生命周期成本分析（LCC）和生命周期评估（LCA），并与使用明矾或硫酸铁的传统处理方法进行比较。 实验室研究之后，将与华雷斯城自治大学（UACJ）合作，在墨西哥华雷斯城附近的殖民地进行实地考察。 UACJ的研究人员和学生将为这项工作贡献他们的大量专业知识。 弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员过去在该地区的研究已经产生了更环保的砖窑，UACJ的研究人员已经研究了砖窑的排放。 陶艺促进和平组织在实地研究地点以南约100英里处建立了一个陶瓷过滤器制造厂，该工厂将为实地研究提供过滤器。 该团队还将与德克萨斯州A M大学住房和城市发展中心合作。 来自弗吉尼亚大学的本科生将从事实验室和实地研究的各个方面。 该项目可能会提供广泛的社会和教育效益的colonias，研究生和本科生的两所大学。 混凝和病原体灭活的基本机制的发现将为水处理的工程科学提供信息。 该奖项由化学，生物工程，环境和运输系统（CBET）和国际科学与工程办公室（OISE）共同资助。