A Comparative Investigation of Technological Transformation and Musical Expression

摘要：《技术变革与音乐表现的比较研究》。留声机从来就不是一件乐器。然而，这项技术现在是一种名为转盘主义的蓬勃发展的全球行为艺术的核心。这项提议要求提供资金，以支持研究如何将留声机的文化和技术转变为嘻哈文化中的音乐表达工具。这种转变始于20世纪70年代末纽约市的非裔美国人社区，是独一无二的，因为一个边缘化的社区根据自己独特的文化美学重新挪用和重新定义了现有的流行技术。这个项目将记录作为嘻哈技术艺术品的唱机如何与忠实的奉献者产生音乐流派，调解多种文化关系，并为黑人文化美学的全球传播做出贡献。鉴于转盘的转变，本项目将研究：国家、文化、民族和种族认同政治如何影响技术设计、选择和使用。PIS将寻求了解种族、民族和文化观念如何影响转盘和相关转盘设备的技术设计，并了解发展转盘技术对音乐原创性的影响。它将需要进行比较工作，研究美国和日本的翻转派社区如何通过定义、挪用和重组翻转派的种族、文化和技术美学，为混合全球技术运动的产生做出贡献。它将产生一项超越唱片机的研究，并为从模拟到数字的技术过渡影响各种文化社区提供洞察力。智力价值：这个项目将有助于STS中的音乐工作和音乐学中的技术工作，并产生新的方式来思考与技术有关的种族问题。这种比较研究将增进对种族和技术的理解。这项研究还将考虑从模拟技术到数字技术的更大过渡将对我们的社会产生的影响。更广泛的影响：这项研究将展示音乐、种族和技术之间的联系。它将表明，音乐可以成为边缘化人群以积极主动的方式利用技术的重要途径。这个项目将促进对研究音乐、种族和技术如何相互作用感兴趣的教职员工和学生的结合。该项目将加强约翰·霍普金斯大学皮博迪学院和文化设计中心的研究和教学，以及RPI的产品设计和创新本科课程。

Summary: "A Comparative Invetigation of Technological Transformation and Musical Expression." The phonograph was never intended to be a musical instrument. Yet this technology is now at the center of a thriving, global performance art known as turntablism. This proposal requests funding to support research examining the cultural and technological transformation of the phonograph into a vehicle for musical expression within hip-hop culture. This transformation, which began in NewYork City's African American community in the late 1970s, is unique since a marginalized community reappropriated and redefined an existing and popular technology according to its own distinctive cultural aesthetics. This project will document how turntables as technological artifacts of hip-hop have produced musical genres with loyal devotees, mediated multiple cultural relationships, and contributed to the global dissemination of black cultural aesthetics. Given the transformation of the turntable, this project will examine: how national, cultural, ethnic, and racial politics of identity influence technological design, choice, and use. The PIs will seek to understand how ideas of race, ethnicity, and culture have influenced the technological design of turntables and associated turntablist equipment, and to understand the influence of developing turntablist technology on musical originality. It will entail comparative work examining how turntablist communities in the United States and Japan contribute to the production of a hybrid global technological movement by defining, appropriating, and reconstituting the racial, cultural, and technological aesthetics of turntablism. It will produce a study that will move beyond turntables and provide insights into technological transitions from analog to digital affect a variety of cultural communities. Intellectual Merit: This project will contribute to work on music in STS and on technology within musicology, and produce new ways to think about the race in relation to technology. This comparative study will augment the understanding of race and technology. The study will also consider the effects that the larger transition from analog to digital technologies will have on our society. Broader Impacts: This research will show the connections between music, race, and technology. It will show that music can be an important avenue for marginalized peoples to engage technology in a proactive way. This project will facilitate the coalescing of faculty members and students interested in investigating how music, race, and technology interact. The project will enhance research and teaching at the Peabody Institute of Johns Hopkins and the Center for Cultural Design, and undergraduate program in Product Design, and Innovation at RPI.