Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Landscapes and Self-Organizing Systems: Archaeology of the Ifugao Rice Terraces, Northern Luzon, Philippines

博士论文改进补助金：景观和自组织系统：菲律宾吕宋岛北部伊富高梯田的考古学

• 批准号: 0704008
• 负责人: Miriam Stark
• 金额: $ 1.43万
• 依托单位: University of Hawaii
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0704008&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Landscapes

This project explores the relationship between irrigation management and social organization of the Ifugao in the Northern Philippines highlands. Agricultural intensification studies in traditional societies shed light on the relationship between increasing social complexity and production intensification. While archaeologists have long associated large-scale agricultural systems with centralized forms of political organization, recent anthropological studies have identified the limitations of this assumption. This historical ecological study examines the sustainability of Ifugao irrigated-terrace farming, and documents dynamic and recursive linkages between the Ifugao and their environment. Its focus on the apparent disjunction between water management and sociopolitical stratification identifies factors that underlie the sustainability of Ifugao agriculture, and structural correlates that generate an intensive agricultural landscape.The research uses multiple methods to investigate the history and growth of the highland Ifugao system: 1) Geographic Information Systems technology to identify the topographic locations that were best suited for settlement and terrace construction; 2) archaeological excavations and soil augering to determine the age of individual settlements and terraces, and 3) ethnographic research with Ifugao farmers to determine how labor is deployed to construct and maintain their irrigation terraces. Research sites are located in the UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Ifugao Province (Central Cordillera, Philippines), where little previous archaeological research has been undertaken. The need for such research is particularly urgent because the area's ancient terraces are rapidly deteriorating as increasing numbers of Ifugao farmers leave their traditional farming occupations and their rice terraces fall into disuse. This study will generate archaeological findings that are directly relevant to understanding and preserving Ifugao irrigation technology and heritage, and also expands our anthropological knowledge of water management in the non-industrial world.

本项目探讨菲律宾北方高地伊富高的灌溉管理与社会组织之间的关系。传统社会中的农业集约化研究揭示了社会复杂性的增加与生产集约化之间的关系。 虽然考古学家长期以来一直将大规模农业系统与中央集权的政治组织形式联系在一起，但最近的人类学研究已经确定了这种假设的局限性。 本历史生态研究探讨伊富高灌溉梯田农业的可持续性，并记录了伊富高与环境之间的动态和递归联系。其重点是水管理和社会政治分层之间的明显脱节，确定了伊富高农业可持续性的基础因素，以及产生集约化农业景观的结构相关性。该研究使用多种方法来调查高原的历史和发展。伊富高系统：1）地理信息系统技术，以确定最适合定居点和梯田建设的地形位置; 2）考古发掘和土壤钻挖，以确定个人定居点和梯田的年龄，3）与伊富高农民进行人种学研究，以确定如何部署劳动力来建造和维护他们的灌溉梯田。研究地点位于联合国教科文组织世界遗产伊富高省（菲律宾科迪勒拉中部），以前很少进行考古研究。由于越来越多的伊富高农民离开传统的农业职业，他们的稻田被废弃，该地区的古老梯田正在迅速恶化，因此进行这种研究的必要性特别紧迫。这项研究将产生考古发现，是直接相关的理解和保护伊富高灌溉技术和遗产，也扩大了我们的人类学知识的水管理在非工业世界。