Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Symbolic Capital and Ceramic Prestige Goods in the Terminal Preclassic Period Holmul Region, Guatemala

在弗朗西斯科埃斯特拉达贝利博士的监督下，迈克尔卡拉汉将分析范德比尔特霍尔穆尔考古项目2000-2005年季节收集的陶瓷材料。 霍尔木尔地区位于危地马拉佩滕的东北部，以在危地马拉霍尔木尔遗址发掘第二组建筑B而闻名，该建筑包含三座前古典时期（公元0-400年）的玛雅坟墓。 墓中有许多橙子光泽的器皿，展示了前古典时期（公元前300年-公元前0年）和古典时期（公元400年-公元950年）之间的过渡风格-包括最早出现的彩色绘画。 这些船只在其他玛雅遗址中相对稀缺，它们独特的物理外观，以及公元0-400年的安全日期，导致玛雅考古学家测试并拒绝了许多关于它们与经典玛雅文明出现关系的理论。 本研究以政治经济学为基础，检验了橙子光泽陶器是公元前三世纪政治危机时期精英权力战略的具体化这一假设。本研究将描述研究较少的前古典时期玛雅陶瓷经济的特征，并准确地将橙子光泽陶器与古典时期的出现联系起来，这对考古学和人类学具有重要意义文明 橙子光泽陶器出现在旧的政治权力网络崩溃的时候，正如许多玛雅遗址的战争迹象以及许多晚期前古典中心的崩溃所示。 橙子光泽陶器的生产和交换可能是精英们获得或维持当地政治权力的一种方式。 这种策略类似于古典时期的政治经济，在古典时期，控制彩色陶器的生产和销售是古玛雅政治的标志。 彩色陶罐在精英送礼或再分配网络中流通，其功能就像社会资本，以巩固站点间的军事、政治或经济联盟。 前古典晚期的橙子光泽陶器可能是古典晚期权力战略的第一个体现。 结合了从考古学领域借来的陶瓷分析技术（陶瓷模型和标准化分析），地质（岩相分析），和化学（仪器中子活化分析）这项研究将检验一个假设，即晚期前古典橙子光泽陶器是在一个类似于古典时期的精英声望商品网络中生产和销售的。这项研究也将产生重大的社会影响，它将有助于对美国研究生和危地马拉本科生进行考古培训。 在卡拉汉将在实验室磨练他的陶瓷分析技能的同时，他将得到危地马拉城瓦莱大学考古项目本科生的帮助。 学生将学习他们所在机构没有教授的高水平陶瓷生产分析类型。 这项研究不仅有助于培训美国和危地马拉学者，还将促进两个群体之间的密切互动，这将导致未来在考古项目和分析方面的合作。

Under the supervision of Dr. Francisco Estrada-Belli, Michael Callaghan will analyze ceramic material collected in the 2000-2005 seasons of the Vanderbilt Holmul Archaeological Project. The Holmul Region is located in the northeastern department of Peten, Guatemala and is best known for the excavation of Building B, Group II at the site of Holmul, Guatemala which contained three Terminal Preclassic period (AD 0-400) Maya tombs. The tombs held a number of orange gloss vessels exhibiting a transitional style between the Preclassic (300 BC - 0) and Classic (AD 400-950) periods - including the earliest appearance of polychrome painting. The relative scarcity of these vessels at other Maya sites, their unique physical appearance, and secure dating to AD 0-400 has led Maya archaeologists to test and reject numerous theories concerning their relationship to the emergence of Classic Maya civilization. The current research is grounded in political economy and tests the hypothesis that orange gloss vessels were the materialization of a new elite power strategy adopted at a time of political crisis during the first three centuries AD.This research is significant to archaeology and anthropology because it will characterize the little studied Terminal Preclassic period Maya ceramic economy and accurately relate orange gloss pottery to the emergence of Classic period civilization. Orange gloss pottery appeared at a time when old networks of political power were crumbling as seen in signs of warfare at many Maya sites as well as the collapse of many Late Preclassic centers. The production and exchange of orange gloss pottery may have been a way for elites to gain or maintain their local political power. This strategy resembles political economy of the Classic periods where control of the production and distribution of polychrome pottery was a hallmark of ancient Maya politics. Polychrome pots circulated in elite gift-giving or redistribution networks functioning like social capital to cement intersite military, political, or economic alliances. Orange gloss pottery of the Terminal Preclassic period may be the first manifestation of this later Classic period power strategy. Using a combination of ceramic analytical techniques borrowed from the fields of archaeology (ceramic modal and standardization analysis), geology (petrographic analysis), and chemistry (Instrumental Neutron Activation analysis) this research will test the hypothesis that Terminal Preclassic orange gloss pottery was produced and distributed within an elite prestige goods network similar to the Classic period.The research will also have a significant social impact as it will contribute to the archaeological training of American graduate students as well as undergraduate Guatemalan students. At the same time that Callaghan will be honing his ceramic analytical skills in the laboratory, he will be assisted by undergraduate students in the archaeological program at Universidad del Valle, Guatemala City. The students will learn the type of high level ceramic production analysis not taught in their home institution. Not only will this research help train both American and Guatemalan scholars, it will promote close interaction between the two groups which will result in future collaboration in archaeological projects and analyses.