Shocking the cradle: Jet induced feedback in galaxy clusters from growing black holes

AST-0707682 Heinz黑洞是宇宙中最强大的引擎，向星系际空间释放物质喷流，并改变大规模的气体环境。 最大的黑洞位于大质量星系团的中心，这些星系团本身就是宇宙结构的重要探测器。 然而，冷却流的X射线观测结果与理论预测不符，并表明喷流是造成某些偏差的原因。 该项目将研究黑洞如何阻止星系团冷却，以及如何构建稳定的星系团大气，包括喷流，并满足对温度，熵和气体成分的所有观测要求。 它还将研究喷气机如何在动态环境中演变。 这将通过三维模拟来完成，包括全流体力学，暗物质，自引力，辐射冷却，星星形成，星星形成的能量反馈，以及黑洞示踪粒子，以跟踪黑洞合并和自旋演化。 这将是第一次模拟真实星系团中的解析喷流和同一星系团中的多喷流，第一次模拟早期宇宙环境中的喷流，以及第一次详细模拟头尾源。结果将被汇编成一系列电视动画，用作黑洞互动展示的一部分。 开发的数据分析技术和算法将提供给社区。 研究结果将告知研究生和本科生班，以及面向高中教师的系列研讨会。

AST-0707682HeinzBlack holes are the most powerful engines in the Universe, releasing jets of matter into intergalactic space and transforming the large-scale gaseous environment. The biggest black holes sit in the centers of massive galaxy clusters, which are themselves important probes of cosmic structure. However, X-ray observations of cooling flows do not fit theoretical predictions, and suggest that jets are responsible for some of the deviations. This project will study how black holes stop clusters from cooling, and how to construct stable cluster atmospheres including jets and satisfying all observational requirements on temperature, entropy and gas composition. It will also investigate how jets evolve in dynamic environments. This will be done with three-dimensional simulations that include full fluid mechanics, dark matter, self gravity, radiative cooling, star formation, energy feedback from star formation, and black hole tracer particles to follow black hole mergers and spin evolution. These will be the first simulations of resolved jets in realistic clusters and of multiple jets in the same cluster, the first simulations of jets in early Universe environments, and the first detailed simulations of head-tail sources.The results will be compiled into a series of TV-ready animations, to be used as part of an interactive display about black holes. Developed data analysis techniques and algorithms will be made available to the community. The research results will inform graduate and undergraduate classes, and a seminar series geared towards high school teachers.