CNH: Collaborative Research: Direct and Indirect Coupling of Fisheries Through Economic, Regulatory, Environmental, and Ecological Linkages

CNH：合作研究：通过经济、监管、环境和生态联系实现渔业的直接和间接耦合

• 批准号: 0709527
• 负责人: Graham Sherwood
• 金额: $ 87.2万
• 依托单位: Gulf of Maine Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0709527&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CNH; Collaborative; Research; Direct; Indirect

The productivity and resilience of fisheries are subject to a multitude of dynamic and interrelated influences that arise from complex coupling of fish populations with the natural and human systems of which they are a part. With few exceptions, fisheries currently are managed independently, ignoring important natural and human linkages among them. The biological productivity, sustainability, and consequently human benefits of complex fishery systems may be substantially increased if these linkages are better understood and if this understanding is applied to management. The American lobster (Homarus americanus), Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) and Northeast multispecies groundfish fisheries in the Gulf of Maine are of major ecological, economic, social, and cultural importance to the New England region. They are subject to an array of natural and human linkages that have not yet been systematically studied. This interdisciplinary research project will examine key natural and human linkages among these fisheries and integrate them into a quantitative framework, using numerical modeling to explore how improved understanding of complexity can improve sustainability and increase the flow of human benefits. An important component of the research is the translation of concepts and results into an educational program that will teach a new generation of students about the human and natural complexity of the Gulf of Maine ecosystem and create a sustained interest in marine science. The research is organized by themes. Theme 1 focuses on management of the coupled fishery system. Numerical models will be used to integrate research undertaken in themes 2,3, and 4 and to explore how information regarding interrelated natural and human processes can be used to improve management of these resources. Theme 2 will use econometric estimation and bioeconomic modeling to investigate the human connections between these fisheries that arise through movement of labor and capital between fisheries, regulatory interventions and markets for inputs and outputs, such as herring used as an input to lobster harvest. Theme 3 will synthesize and analyze existing data to characterize variability in transport and survival of early life stages to identify exogenous processes (especially climate-related processes) that drive variability in recruitment. Theme 4 will combine new field studies with analysis of existing data to examine the impact of natural and human-induced trophic interactions among lobster, herring, and groundfish on the population dynamics of these species. Theme 5 will focus on translating research findings into an interactive marine science education program, based at the Gulf of Maine Research Institute, which serves fifth and sixth graders throughout the state of Maine.The project will make important contributions to science by improving basic understanding of the dynamic interrelationships of physical, ecological, and human-economic processes that determine the productivity and variability of the Gulf of Maine lobster, herring, and groundfish fisheries. It also will help develop concepts, research methodologies, and models relevant to fishery systems around the world. There is general agreement on the need to take an ecosystem approach to managing fisheries, but little concrete progress has been made in doing so. This project will develop concepts and methodologies needed to implement an ecosystem approach to fishery management. The project brings together a team of researchers from a broad range of disciplines and will demonstrate the benefits of an integrated interdisciplinary approach to investigating natural-human systems. The research will develop new understanding and approaches for management of important Northeast U.S. fisheries. The new information and insights will be conveyed to fishery managers through seminars, participation in the management process, and publications. The research will be coordinated with an ongoing, interactive marine education activity. A broader goal of that education program is to increase the number of students pursuing education and informed careers in the sciences by generating interest and excitement about science at a critical age. The project also will provide training for graduate students and undergraduate assistants in quantitative, multidisciplinary approaches to the study and management of coupled natural-human systems. This project is supported by an award resulting from the NSF competition focusing on the Dynamics of Coupled Natural and Human Systems.

渔业的生产力和复原力受到许多动态和相互关联的影响，这些影响来自鱼类种群与其所属的自然和人类系统的复杂耦合。除了少数例外，渔业目前都是独立管理的，忽视了它们之间重要的自然和人类联系。如果更好地了解这些联系并将这种了解应用于管理，复杂渔业系统的生物生产力、可持续性以及由此带来的人类利益可能会大大增加。美国龙虾（Homarus americanus）、大西洋鲱鱼（Clupea harengus）和缅因湾的东北多物种底栖鱼渔业对新英格兰地区具有重要的生态、经济、社会和文化意义。它们受到一系列尚未得到系统研究的自然和人为联系的影响。这一跨学科研究项目将研究这些渔业之间的关键自然和人类联系，并将其纳入一个定量框架，利用数值模拟来探索如何提高对复杂性的理解，从而提高可持续性和增加人类利益的流动。这项研究的一个重要组成部分是将概念和结果转化为教育项目，向新一代学生传授缅因湾生态系统的人类和自然复杂性，并培养他们对海洋科学的持续兴趣。这项研究是按主题组织的。主题1侧重于耦合渔业系统的管理。数值模型将用于综合主题2、3和4的研究，并探讨如何利用有关相互关联的自然和人类过程的信息来改进对这些资源的管理。主题2将使用计量经济学估计和生物经济模型来调查这些渔业之间的人际关系，这种关系是通过渔业之间的劳动力和资本流动、监管干预和投入和产出市场（例如用作龙虾捕捞投入的鲱鱼）而产生的。主题3将综合和分析现有数据，以表征生命早期阶段运输和生存的变异性，以确定驱动招募变异性的外源过程（特别是与气候有关的过程）。主题4将结合新的实地研究和现有数据分析，研究龙虾、鲱鱼和底栖鱼之间自然和人为诱导的营养相互作用对这些物种种群动态的影响。主题5将侧重于将研究成果转化为一个互动的海洋科学教育计划，该计划以缅因湾研究所为基础，为缅因州的五年级和六年级学生提供服务。该项目将通过提高对决定缅因湾龙虾、鲱鱼和底栖鱼类渔业生产力和变异性的物理、生态和人类经济过程动态相互关系的基本理解，为科学做出重要贡献。它还将帮助开发与世界各地渔业系统相关的概念、研究方法和模型。人们普遍同意需要采取生态系统方法来管理渔业，但在这方面几乎没有取得具体进展。这个项目将发展实施渔业管理生态系统办法所需的概念和方法。该项目汇集了来自广泛学科的研究人员团队，并将展示综合跨学科方法研究自然-人类系统的好处。这项研究将为美国东北部重要渔业的管理提供新的认识和方法。新的信息和见解将通过研讨会、参与管理过程和出版物传达给渔业管理人员。这项研究将与正在进行的互动式海洋教育活动相协调。该教育计划的一个更广泛的目标是，通过在关键年龄培养对科学的兴趣和兴奋，增加追求科学教育和知情职业的学生人数。该项目还将为研究生和本科生助理提供定量、多学科方法的培训，以研究和管理耦合的自然-人类系统。该项目得到了美国国家科学基金会关于自然和人类系统耦合动力学竞赛的奖励。