COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Drillsite Reconnaissance and Snow Chemistry Survey in Denali National Park

这是来自新罕布什尔州（UNH）和缅因州大学的主要研究者的合作建议。 了解全新世晚期年际到年代尺度气候变率的机制仍然是北极科学的一个基本研究问题。主要研究员将：1）进行详细勘察，以确定德纳利国家公园（DNP）中的合适位置，从中恢复和开发高分辨率冰芯记录;以及（2）开发详细的雪化学记录，记录该地区主要离子和微量元素沉积的空间（水平和垂直）和季节变化。 这将是从DNP中恢复表面到基岩冰芯的第一步，这些冰芯可用于重建阿拉斯加中部过去几千年的气候变化。为了确定DNP的最佳钻探地点，我们的实地调查季节致力于在两个或潜在的钻探地点进行侦察活动，包括探地雷达剖面、GPS网格调查以及从雪坑和浅雪芯中收集样本。所有的雪和积雪样本将被分析为稳定的水同位素（18 O和D），主要离子（Na+、Mg 2+、Ca 2+、K+、NH 4+、Cl-、NO 4-、SO 42-）、微量元素（Al、Fe、Pb、Zn、Hg、Cd、Cu、V、Mn、Ni、As、Se）和稀土元素（La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Yb、Lu）。拟议的一套测量将提供最详细的数据，量化该地区3000米以上积雪和雪化学的空间梯度，以及确定海拔高度，在该海拔高度以上，雪化学中的强季节性信号被保留。除了为他们提供关键数据，以选择最佳的网站（S）从恢复表面到基岩冰芯，数据集可以用来回答各种问题，包括以下：什么是污染物的相对通量在DNP相比，其他冰川在北极？沉积在DNP中的金属的主要污染源是什么？污染源和浓度是否存在季节性波动？德纳里当地（登山）活动的污染特征是什么？拟议研究的更广泛影响：研究结果将有助于加深对DNP积雪和雪化学的空间和季节变化的理解。研究结果将用于缅因州和UNH大学的本科生和研究生课程，并将通过这两个机构的既定外展计划向公众传播。作为该项目的一部分，将培训两名研究生，本科生将参与这两个机构的研究。最后，主要研究者将通过提交给Discover Denali研究奖学金计划的提案，与DNP的Murie科学和学习中心合作开发外展产品。

ABSTRACTWakeOPP-0714004KreutzOPP-0713974This is a collaborative proposal by Principal Investigators from the Universities of New Hampshire (UNH) and Maine. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for interannual to decadal-scale climate variability during the late Holocene remains a fundamental research problem in Arctic science. The Principal Investigator's will: 1) perform a detailed reconnaissance to identify suitable locations in Denali National Park (DNP) from which to recover and develop high resolution ice core records; and (2) develop detailed snow chemistry records that document the spatial (both horizontally and vertically) and seasonal variation of major ion and trace element deposition in the region. This will be the first step toward recovering surface-to-bedrock ice cores from DNP that can be used to reconstruct central Alaskan climate change over the last several thousand years. To determine the optimal drill site in DNP, our field season is devoted to reconnaissance activities at two or potential drilling locations, including ground penetrating radar profiles, GPS grid surveys, and sample collection from snowpit and shallow firn cores. All snow and firn samples will be analyzed for stable water isotopes (18O and D), major ions (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, NO4 -, SO42-), trace elements (Al, Fe, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, V, Mn, Ni, As, Se), and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu).Intellectual merit: The proposed suite of measurements will provide the most detailed data quantifying the spatial gradients in snow accumulation and snow chemistry above 3000 m in the region, as well as identifying the elevation above which strong seasonal signals in snow chemistry are preserved. In addition to providing them with critical data to select the optimal site(s) from which to recover surface-to-bedrock ice cores, the data set can be sued to answer a variety of questions including the following: What is the relative flux of pollutants in DNP compared to other glaciers across the Arctic? What is the primary pollution source for metals deposited in DNP? Is there a seasonal fluctuation in pollution sources and concentrations? What is the pollution signature of local (mountaineering) activities on Denali?Broader impacts of the proposed research: Research results will contribute to animproved understanding of the spatial and seasonal variation in snow accumulation and snow chemistry in DNP. The results will be used in undergraduate and graduate courses at U of Maine and UNH, and will be disseminated to the general public via established outreach programs at both institutions. Two graduate students will be trained as part of this project, and undergraduate students will be involved in the research at both institutions. Finally, the Principal Investigators will collaborate on the development of outreach products with Murie Science and Learning Center in DNP through a proposal they will be submitting to Discover Denali Research Fellowship Program.