COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Drillsite Reconnaissance and Snow Chemistry Survey in Denali National Park

这是新罕布什尔大学（UNH）和缅因州大学首席研究员的合作提案。了解全新世晚期气候年际至年代际变率的机制仍然是北极科学的一个基本研究问题。首席研究员的遗嘱：1)进行详细的侦察，以确定德纳里国家公园（DNP）中合适的地点，从中恢复和开发高分辨率冰芯记录；(2)建立详细的积雪化学记录，记录该地区主要离子和微量元素沉积的空间（水平和垂直）和季节变化。这将是从DNP中恢复地表到基岩冰芯的第一步，这些冰芯可以用来重建阿拉斯加中部过去几千年的气候变化。为了确定DNP的最佳钻井地点，我们的现场季节致力于在两个或潜在的钻井地点进行侦察活动，包括探地雷达剖面，GPS网格调查以及从雪坑和浅层岩心收集样本。所有雪和雪样品将分析稳定的水同位素（18O和D）、主要离子（Na+、Mg2+、Ca2+、K+、NH4+、Cl-、NO4 -、SO42-）、微量元素（Al、Fe、Pb、Zn、Hg、Cd、Cu、V、Mn、Ni、As、Se）和稀土元素（La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Yb、Lu）。理论价值：建议的测量套件将提供最详细的数据，量化该地区3000米以上积雪和雪化学的空间梯度，以及确定雪化学中强烈季节性信号保存的海拔高度。除了为他们提供关键数据，以选择从地表到基岩冰芯中恢复的最佳地点外，该数据集还可以用于回答各种问题，包括以下问题：与北极其他冰川相比，DNP中污染物的相对通量是多少？沉积在污水处理厂的金属的主要污染源是什么？污染源和浓度是否有季节性波动？德纳里岛当地（登山）活动的污染特征是什么？本研究的广泛影响：研究结果将有助于提高对DNP中积雪积累和雪化学的空间和季节变化的理解。研究结果将用于缅因大学和新罕布什尔大学的本科和研究生课程，并将通过两所大学建立的外展项目向公众传播。作为该项目的一部分，两名研究生将接受培训，本科生将参与两所机构的研究。最后，主要研究人员将通过提交给发现德纳里研究奖学金计划的提案，与DNP的Murie科学和学习中心合作开发外展产品。

ABSTRACTWakeOPP-0714004KreutzOPP-0713974This is a collaborative proposal by Principal Investigators from the Universities of New Hampshire (UNH) and Maine. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for interannual to decadal-scale climate variability during the late Holocene remains a fundamental research problem in Arctic science. The Principal Investigator's will: 1) perform a detailed reconnaissance to identify suitable locations in Denali National Park (DNP) from which to recover and develop high resolution ice core records; and (2) develop detailed snow chemistry records that document the spatial (both horizontally and vertically) and seasonal variation of major ion and trace element deposition in the region. This will be the first step toward recovering surface-to-bedrock ice cores from DNP that can be used to reconstruct central Alaskan climate change over the last several thousand years. To determine the optimal drill site in DNP, our field season is devoted to reconnaissance activities at two or potential drilling locations, including ground penetrating radar profiles, GPS grid surveys, and sample collection from snowpit and shallow firn cores. All snow and firn samples will be analyzed for stable water isotopes (18O and D), major ions (Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, K+, NH4+, Cl-, NO4 -, SO42-), trace elements (Al, Fe, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cd, Cu, V, Mn, Ni, As, Se), and rare earth elements (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu).Intellectual merit: The proposed suite of measurements will provide the most detailed data quantifying the spatial gradients in snow accumulation and snow chemistry above 3000 m in the region, as well as identifying the elevation above which strong seasonal signals in snow chemistry are preserved. In addition to providing them with critical data to select the optimal site(s) from which to recover surface-to-bedrock ice cores, the data set can be sued to answer a variety of questions including the following: What is the relative flux of pollutants in DNP compared to other glaciers across the Arctic? What is the primary pollution source for metals deposited in DNP? Is there a seasonal fluctuation in pollution sources and concentrations? What is the pollution signature of local (mountaineering) activities on Denali?Broader impacts of the proposed research: Research results will contribute to animproved understanding of the spatial and seasonal variation in snow accumulation and snow chemistry in DNP. The results will be used in undergraduate and graduate courses at U of Maine and UNH, and will be disseminated to the general public via established outreach programs at both institutions. Two graduate students will be trained as part of this project, and undergraduate students will be involved in the research at both institutions. Finally, the Principal Investigators will collaborate on the development of outreach products with Murie Science and Learning Center in DNP through a proposal they will be submitting to Discover Denali Research Fellowship Program.