Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Society, Culture, and Maternal Death on the Peripheries of Afghanistan and Tajikistan

博士论文改进补助金：阿富汗和塔吉克斯坦周边地区的社会、文化和孕产妇死亡

• 批准号: 0718359
• 负责人: Melissa Brown
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0718359&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Society

Graduate student Kylea Liese, under the supervision of Dr. Melissa J. Brown, will in investiage the cultural and social contexts that produce and epxlain maternal mortality in remote peripheral societies. Liese will undertake the research on both sides of the Afghanistan and Tajikistan border. The Badakhshan region of Afghanistan has the highest reported maternal mortality ratio in the world (6507 deaths per 100,000 live births) . Meanwhile, the national maternal mortality ratio for Tajikistan is nearly one-hundred times less (65.5/100,000), with only two maternal deaths reported in Tajik Badakhshan between 2002 and 2004. Despite historical and geographic similarities, Tajiks and Afghans on the peripheries have felt the reverberations of starkly different macro-political changes in ways that distinguish them socially, religiously, politically and economically. When the international border officially closed in 1925, the people on the Tajik side and the Aghan sides of the border became part of quite different societies. Liese's research will investigate the relationship between these dramatic variations in rates of maternal mortality and how these social forces have taken shape over the past century. The comparative approach will elucidate how social and cultural factors affect health in otherwise similar populations.The researcher will employ both qualitative and quantitative methods to go beyond the existing maternal mortality data and understand how the suffering and survival of women are valuable indicators of the long-term and far-reaching affects of social upheaval. In two years of research on both sides of the border, she will collect ethnographic data using semistructured interviews, life-history interviews, observations of birth events, local leader interviews, verbal autopsies, participant observation, and fieldnotes. These data will be used to test three major hypotheses concerning the causes of maternal mortality, the effect of social upheaval on maternal mortality in terms of maternal risk, and local Islamic constructions of gender and health. The research is important because there are few anthropological studies of the cultural and social factors affecting maternal mortality in perhipheral communities. It also will contribute to improve health policy in regions with limited resources, particularly where the causes of increasing maternal mortality are still shrouded in mystery. The research also will contribute to the education of a social scientist.

研究生Kylea Liese在Melissa J. Brown博士的指导下，将研究在偏远的外围社会产生和epxlain孕产妇死亡率的文化和社会背景。Liese将在阿富汗和塔吉克斯坦边境两侧进行研究。据报告，阿富汗巴达赫尚地区的孕产妇死亡率在世界上最高（每100 000名活产死亡6 507人）。与此同时，塔吉克斯坦全国产妇死亡率几乎低一百倍（65.5/100 000），2002年至2004年期间，塔吉克巴达赫尚省仅报告了两例产妇死亡。尽管历史和地理上有相似之处，但周边的塔吉克人和阿富汗人感受到了截然不同的宏观政治变化的影响，这些变化在社会、宗教、政治和经济上使他们与众不同。当国际边界于1925年正式关闭时，边界的塔吉克一侧和阿甘一侧的人民成为完全不同的社会的一部分。Liese的研究将调查孕产妇死亡率的这些戏剧性变化之间的关系，以及这些社会力量在过去世纪是如何形成的。研究人员将采用定性和定量的方法，超越现有的孕产妇死亡率数据，了解妇女的痛苦和生存如何成为社会动荡长期和深远影响的宝贵指标。在边境两侧两年的研究中，她将使用半结构化访谈，生活史访谈，出生事件观察，当地领导人访谈，口头尸检，参与者观察和实地考察来收集民族志数据。这些数据将被用来测试三个主要的假设，产妇死亡的原因，社会动荡对产妇死亡率的影响，产妇风险，以及当地的伊斯兰教结构的性别和健康。这项研究很重要，因为很少有人类学研究的文化和社会因素影响产妇死亡率在周边社区。它还将有助于改善资源有限地区的卫生政策，特别是在产妇死亡率上升的原因仍然神秘的地区。这项研究也将有助于社会科学家的教育。