Doctoral Dissertation Research: Prime Ministerial Management of the Foreign Policymaking Process in Parliamentary Systems

摘要在过去的二十年中，人们对总理如何管理议会制下的外交决策过程产生了浓厚的兴趣。比较政治学的学生提出，结构性约束（例如，部长自治，联盟中关键政党的存在）限制了首相的作为，而从事领导力研究的学者则强调人格因素和领导风格。结构性观点倾向于淡化个别首相能够影响进程的程度，而心理学观点则低估了外部制约因素的重要性。为了改进这一文献，本研究将采用比较案例研究方法同时关注制度约束和总理的领导风格。本研究以以下问题为指导：领导风格和制度约束之间的相互作用如何影响议会制下首相对外交决策过程的管理？这项研究将考察英国、德国和以色列的六个内阁决策，为总理在从一党内阁到大联盟的议会制度中控制外交政策制定的程度提供系统评估。数据将通过在英国、德国和以色列的档案研究收集。案例研究和决策过程的证据将来自对政府和议会文件的分析。这项研究采用有结构、有重点的比较方法，可以对总理对外交决策过程的管理进行跨国和国内比较，以响应在外交政策分析领域进行更多比较研究的呼吁。更广泛的影响：本研究对评估联合政府内部外交政策制定的稳定性和不同类型内阁的决策质量具有启示意义。这些发现将提高我们对议会制决策的理解，议会制构成了世界民主国家的很大一部分，但研究相对不足。

Primary Investigators: Margaret Hermann and Havva Karakas-KelesTitle: Doctoral Dissertation Research in Political Science: Prime Ministerial Management of the Foreign Policymaking Process in Parliamentary Systems0720277AbstractIn the past two decades, there has been an upsurge of interest in how prime ministers manage the foreign policymaking process in parliamentary systems. Whereas students of comparative politics propose that structural constraints (e.g., ministerial autonomy, the existence of a pivotal party within a coalition) limit what a prime minister can do, scholars engaged in leadership studies emphasize the personality factor and leadership style. Structural approaches tend to downplay the extent to which individual prime ministers can shape the process, while psychological perspectives understate the importance of external constraints. In seeking to improve upon this literature, the present study will attend simultaneously to institutional constraints and the leadership styles of prime ministers using the comparative case study method. The research is guided by the following question: How does the interaction between leadership style and institutional constraints shape the prime ministerial management of the foreign policymaking process in parliamentary systems? The research will examine six cabinet decisions in the United Kingdom, Germany, and Israel providing a systematic evaluation of the extent to which prime ministers control foreign policymaking in parliamentary systems that range from single party cabinets to grand coalitions. The data will be collected through archival research in United Kingdom, Germany and Israel. Evidence for the case studies and the decision making processes will come from the analysis of government and parliamentary documents. Using the structured, focused comparison method, the study will allow for cross-country as well as within-country comparisons of prime ministerial management of the foreign policymaking process responding to a call for more comparative research in the field of foreign policy analysis. Broader Impacts: This research has implications for assessing the stability of foreign policymaking within coalition governments and the quality of decisions made by different types of cabinets. The findings will improve our understanding of decision making in parliamentary systems which constitute a good portion of the world's democracies and yet are relatively understudied.