Collaborative Research: Investigation of Ozone Photochemistry in Lower Free Troposphere Continental Outflow Traveling Over the North Atlantic

在这个项目中，臭氧（O3）、氮氧化物（NO+NO2）、过氧乙酰硝酸盐（PAN）、非甲烷碳氢化合物（NMHC）和一氧化碳（CO）将在亚速尔群岛的Pico山天文台连续测量两个完整的夏季，以研究一系列运输高度和途径的运输事件。为了识别和确定污染运输事件，FLEXPART粒子扩散模型模拟了人为和北方野火排放到Pico的运输，并分析了所有观测到的人为影响和最小北方火灾影响的事件。将对来自TES、OMI和SCIAMACHY卫星传感器的对流层O3、CO和NO2进行分析，以评估采样事件相对于总柱的重要性。数据将与GEOS-Chem化学传输模型（CTM）模拟相结合进行分析，以评估CTM模拟观测到的被测物种的绝对和相对增强的能力，并探测观测结果与模拟光化学和混合之间的一致性。将使用新技术，将高分辨率FLEXPART模拟与CTM输出相结合，以获得污染运输事件中CTM模拟的半拉格朗日采样。通过分析两个夏季的多个事件，这些数据将用于量化这些事件对大陆外流对O3和O3前体的大规模影响的贡献。这项工作将减少估算人为和北方火灾排放对对流层O3影响的不确定性。它将提供关于由北方森林火灾活动年际变率引起的远距离低自由对流层臭氧和PAN变率的新信息。本项目将为一名研究生提供博士研究课题，并为一名本科生提供研究课题，有助于教学和培训；通过与亚速尔群岛的高中教师分享研究成果；通过一个网站。它将通过在向永久的全球大气监测站过渡期间维护Pico站来加强研究基础设施。Pico GAW站将是大气科学界长期监测大气成分和跨大西洋污染输送的宝贵资源，并可作为研究集约的基地。

In this project, ozone (O3), NOx (NO+NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and carbon monoxide (CO) will be measured continuously over two full summers at the Pico mountain observatory in the Azores, in order to study transport events over a range of transport altitudes and pathways. To identify and attribute pollution transport events, FLEXPART particle dispersion model simulations of the transport of anthropogenic and boreal wildfire emissions to Pico will be conducted, and all events with observed anthropogenic impacts and minimal boreal fire impacts will be analyzed. Tropospheric O3, CO, and NO2 from the TES, OMI, and SCIAMACHY satellite sensors will be analyzed to assess the importance of the sampled events relative to the total column. Data will be analyzed in conjunction with GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) simulations to evaluate the ability of the CTM to simulate observed absolute and relative enhancements in measured species and to probe the consistency between observations and simulated photochemistry and mixing. New techniques will be used that combine high-resolution FLEXPART simulations with CTM output to obtain a semi-Lagrangian sampling of CTM simulations in pollution transport events. By analyzing multiple events over two summer seasons, the data will be used to quantify the contribution of such events to large-scale impacts of continental outflow on O3 and O3 precursors. This work will lead to reduced uncertainties in estimates of the impacts of anthropogenic and boreal fire emissions on tropospheric O3. It will provide new information on variability in remote lower free tropospheric O3 and PAN resulting from inter-annual variability in boreal fire activity. This project will contribute to teaching and training by providing a doctoral research topic for one graduate student as well as an undergraduate research project; through the sharing of research findings with high school teachers in the Azores; and through a web site. It will enhance research infrastructure by maintaining the Pico station during a period of transition to a permanent Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station. A Pico GAW station would be a valuable resource for the atmospheric science community for long-term monitoring of atmospheric composition and trans-Atlantic pollution transport, and as a base for research intensives.