Collaborative Research: Investigation of Ozone Photochemistry in Lower Free Troposphere Continental Outflow Traveling Over the North Atlantic

在这个项目中，将在亚速尔群岛的皮科山天文台连续两个夏天测量臭氧(臭氧)、氮氧化物(NO+NO2)、过氧乙酰硝酸盐(PAN)、非甲烷碳氢化合物(NMHC)和一氧化碳(CO)，以研究各种运输高度和路径上的输送事件。为了识别和归类污染输送事件，FLEXPART粒子扩散模型将对人为和北方野火排放到Pico的输送进行模拟，并将分析所有观察到的人为影响和最小北方火灾影响的事件。来自TES、OMI和SCIAMACHY卫星传感器的对流层臭氧、CO和NO2将被分析，以评估采样事件相对于总柱的重要性。数据将结合GEOS-Chem化学传输模型(CTM)模拟进行分析，以评估CTM模拟观测到的被测物种绝对和相对增强的能力，并探索观测与模拟的光化学和混合之间的一致性。将使用高分辨率FLEXPART模拟与CTM输出相结合的新技术，以获得污染运输事件中CTM模拟的半拉格朗日抽样。通过分析两个夏季的多个事件，这些数据将被用来量化这些事件对大陆外流对臭氧和臭氧前兆的大范围影响的贡献。这项工作将减少估计人为和北方火灾排放对对流层臭氧影响的不确定性。它将提供有关北方火灾活动年际变化引起的遥远的低层自由对流层臭氧和PAN变化的新信息。该项目将通过为一名研究生提供一个博士研究课题和一个本科生研究项目，通过与亚速尔群岛的高中教师分享研究成果，以及通过一个网站，为教学和培训作出贡献。它将通过在向永久全球大气观测(GAW)站过渡期间维护Pico站来加强研究基础设施。一个Pico GAW站将是大气科学界长期监测大气成分和跨大西洋污染输送的宝贵资源，并可作为加强研究的基地。

In this project, ozone (O3), NOx (NO+NO2), peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and carbon monoxide (CO) will be measured continuously over two full summers at the Pico mountain observatory in the Azores, in order to study transport events over a range of transport altitudes and pathways. To identify and attribute pollution transport events, FLEXPART particle dispersion model simulations of the transport of anthropogenic and boreal wildfire emissions to Pico will be conducted, and all events with observed anthropogenic impacts and minimal boreal fire impacts will be analyzed. Tropospheric O3, CO, and NO2 from the TES, OMI, and SCIAMACHY satellite sensors will be analyzed to assess the importance of the sampled events relative to the total column. Data will be analyzed in conjunction with GEOS-Chem chemical transport model (CTM) simulations to evaluate the ability of the CTM to simulate observed absolute and relative enhancements in measured species and to probe the consistency between observations and simulated photochemistry and mixing. New techniques will be used that combine high-resolution FLEXPART simulations with CTM output to obtain a semi-Lagrangian sampling of CTM simulations in pollution transport events. By analyzing multiple events over two summer seasons, the data will be used to quantify the contribution of such events to large-scale impacts of continental outflow on O3 and O3 precursors. This work will lead to reduced uncertainties in estimates of the impacts of anthropogenic and boreal fire emissions on tropospheric O3. It will provide new information on variability in remote lower free tropospheric O3 and PAN resulting from inter-annual variability in boreal fire activity. This project will contribute to teaching and training by providing a doctoral research topic for one graduate student as well as an undergraduate research project; through the sharing of research findings with high school teachers in the Azores; and through a web site. It will enhance research infrastructure by maintaining the Pico station during a period of transition to a permanent Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) station. A Pico GAW station would be a valuable resource for the atmospheric science community for long-term monitoring of atmospheric composition and trans-Atlantic pollution transport, and as a base for research intensives.