Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Conflict and Cooperation in Nuclear and Extended Families Among the Tsimane' of Bolivia

在希拉德·卡普兰博士的指导下，研究生乔纳森·斯蒂格利茨将调查提斯曼人的核心家庭和大家庭发生冲突的情况。提斯曼人（Tsimane）是生活在玻利维亚亚马逊盆地的美洲印第安人，他们是采集和园艺师。研究将分成三个、三个月的阶段，并将主要在Tsimane的四个村庄进行。在第一阶段，斯蒂格利茨将收集和更新人口普查和人口统计数据，记录亲属关系和生育历史。他还将对成年人进行非结构化访谈，讨论引发家庭纠纷的社会和经济问题。在第二阶段，他将对大约150名参与者进行结构化访谈，重点关注家庭中的任务授权、儿童对执行指定任务的抗拒以及惩罚。最后，在第三阶段，他将通过对大约300名成年人的结构化访谈，研究在核心亲属和扩展亲属之间产生冲突的问题，以及在此类纠纷之后的支持网络。本研究将有助于儿童发展与家庭关系的文化研究，以及亲属冲突与合作的生态学和进化研究。这是第一个探索亲属冲突在一个没有多少可继承财富的小规模自然生育社会中的作用的项目之一。揭示提斯曼人亲属纠纷变异的决定因素，将通过阐明在其他社会中发生家庭纠纷的条件，推进我们对人类冲突的理论理解。提斯曼人为研究文化和生态对家庭冲突与合作的影响提供了一个极好的机会，因为他们仍然在觅食活动中投入大量时间和精力，并居住在由大家庭组成的集群中。这项研究也将有助于研究生的教育。

Under the supervision of Dr. Hillard Kaplan, graduate student Jonathan Stieglitz will investigate the conditions under which conflict occurs in nuclear and extended families among the Tsimane'. The Tsimane' are an Amerindian population of forager-horticulturalists living in the Amazon basin of Bolivia. Research will be organized into three, three-month phases and will mainly take place in four Tsimane' villages. During phase one Mr. Stieglitz will collect and update census and demographic data, documenting kinship relations and reproductive histories. He will also conduct unstructured interviews among adults on the social and economic issues generating disputes in families. During phase two, he will conduct structured interviews focusing on task delegation in households, children's resistance toward performing assigned tasks, and punishment among roughly 150 participants. Finally, during phase three he will examine the issues generating conflict among nuclear and extended kin, along with support networks following such disputes using structured interviews among roughly 300 adults.This research will contribute to the cultural study of child development and family relations, and the ecological and evolutionary study of kin conflict and cooperation. This is one of the first projects to explore the role of kin conflict in a small-scale, natural fertility society without much inhertiable wealth. Uncovering the determinants of variation in kin disputes among the Tsimane' will advance our theoretical understanding of human conflict by illuminating the conditions under which we should expect family quarrels to occur in other socieites. The Tsimane' offer an excellent opportunity to study the effects of culture and ecology on family conflict and cooperation since they still invest much time and energy in foraging activities and reside in clusters composed of extended family households. The research also will contribute to the education of a graduate student.