Global Responsibility and the Rule of Law: The Chad Model

全球责任和法治：乍得模式

• 批准号: 0721712
• 负责人: Siba Grovogui
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0721712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Global; Responsibility; Rule; Law; Chad

Abstract This two-year case study investigates the operations of the rule of law in the context of the Chad oil and pipeline project, a World Bank-sponsored experiment with a high degree of social programming. The Chad pipeline project is founded on the assumption that when subjected to certain rules and procedures an extractive industry can serve as the foundation for national development, poverty reduction, and improvement in living conditions in one of the world's poorest countries. The rules and processes of the pipeline project were modeled after the World Bank's social and environmental standards for application in Chad by a consortium of oil companies led by ExxonMobil. The rule appears under the rubrics of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and the Petroleum Sector Management Capacity-Building Project (CBP). At stake in the Chad experiment therefore is the notion that the institutions of market and property can constitute the basis for equitable development. The overall aim of the study is to determine how the rule of law and market-oriented mechanisms mobilize interests and identities under neo-liberalism to justify equity and justice outcomes. The study has two specific aims. The first is to examine whether the principles and mechanisms that underpin the pipeline project cohere with the fundamental rights and constitutional principles theoretically associated with the rule of law. Our central concern here is with the utility and function of the rule of law. This is measured by the perceived necessity of agents to comply based on the actual benefits of compliance and not merely on formal legal stipulations. Through these investigations, we hope to determine the degree to which the institutions of market and property create predictability, transparency, and therefore good governance. The second aim is examine how the World Bank, the oil consortium, the state, and citizens understand and incorporate the rule of law in their activities. It allows us to determine how the law and market-oriented legal systems mobilize interests and identities to justify specific distributions of outcomes as equity and justice, and how different social entities benefit from the law and its mechanisms. This investigation allows us to explore the conditions under which the World Bank, the oil consortium, and the state may be a dependable force for justice under the rule of law. The study is based on a combination of in-depth interviews and field surveys of households, workers, civil society organizations, and litigants about the benefit from the rule of law. In sum, the Chad experiment represents the World Bank's most recent development strategy for resource-rich poor countries. The World Bank has pointed to the pipeline project as evidence that it is pursuing pro-poor public and corporate governance; effective social and environmental policies; and respect for human rights. The outcome of the "Chad experiment" will have implications for development theory and practice, and most particularly the operations of the rule of law. By studying this experiment, we expect to contribute to knowledge about the connections between neo-liberal formulations of the rule of law and development. We intend to communicate our findings to scholars, citizens (including national and transnational NGOs), and policy-makers at all levels of public life who are actively involved in development issues.

摘要这一为期两年的案例研究调查了乍得石油和管道项目，世界银行赞助的实验与高度的社会规划的背景下，法治的运作。乍得输油管道项目的基础是这样一种假设，即在遵守某些规则和程序的情况下，采掘业可以成为世界上最贫穷国家之一的国家发展、减贫和改善生活条件的基础。该管道项目的规则和程序仿照世界银行的社会和环境标准，由埃克森美孚公司牵头的一个石油公司财团在乍得实施。该规则列于环境管理计划和石油部门管理能力建设项目的标题下。因此，乍得试验的关键是市场和财产制度可以构成公平发展的基础这一概念。 本研究的总体目标是确定法治和市场化机制如何在新自由主义下调动利益和身份，以证明公平和正义的结果。这项研究有两个具体目标。第一，审查管道项目所依据的原则和机制是否符合基本权利和理论上与法治有关的宪法原则。我们在这方面的主要关切是法治的效用和功能。这一点的衡量标准是，行为人是否认为有必要遵守，而遵守的依据是遵守的实际好处，而不仅仅是正式的法律的规定。通过这些调查，我们希望确定市场和财产制度在多大程度上创造了可预测性、透明度，从而创造了良好的治理。第二个目标是研究世界银行、石油财团、国家和公民如何理解并将法治纳入其活动。它使我们能够确定法律和以市场为导向的法律的制度如何调动利益和身份来证明结果的具体分配是公平和正义的，以及不同的社会实体如何从法律及其机制中受益。这项调查使我们能够探索世界银行、石油财团和国家在何种条件下可能成为法治下的可靠正义力量。该研究基于对家庭、工人、民间社会组织和诉讼当事人进行的深入访谈和实地调查。总之，乍得的试验是世界银行为资源丰富的贫穷国家制定的最新发展战略。世界银行指出，该编审中项目证明，它正在推行有利于穷人的公共和公司治理、有效的社会和环境政策以及尊重人权。“乍得试验”的结果将对发展理论和实践产生影响，特别是对法治的运作产生影响。通过研究这一实验，我们期望有助于了解新自由主义的法治构想与发展之间的联系。我们打算将我们的研究结果传达给学者，公民（包括国家和跨国非政府组织），以及积极参与发展问题的各级公共生活的决策者。