NOSS: ARCADIA: An Asynchronous Communication Architecture Toward Novel Networking and Computation Paradigms in Wireless Sensor Networks

无线传感器网络在为大量应用提供准确和具有成本效益的监测方面显示出巨大的潜力。与以Internet为例的传统数据转发网络形成鲜明对比的是，由于应用程序的特定要求，无线传感器网络的独特特点是数据速率极低，通常为每分钟几个字节。尽管在这个领域有许多开创性的工作，但底层的通信技术，特别是在物理层和链路层，很大程度上仍然是沿着互联网的根及其无线扩展萌芽的。此外，能源效率在很大程度上依赖于协调的睡眠/唤醒方案，在这种方案中，通信在短时间内同步。这将不可避免地增加碰撞概率和无关数据包侦听，这是无线网络中两个主要的功耗组件。受半被动RFID技术最新进展的推动，该项目将开发一种创新的异步通信架构，其中传感器节点可以在其主平台（中央控制器）休眠时直接将数据写入驻留在接收节点上的特殊响应模块（基于RFID标签）。由于传感器节点的占空比低，所提出的异步架构通过充分利用时间作为资源的一个维度（不需要传统的MAC），将网络从冲突和空闲侦听中解放出来，从而实现高能效。此外，在能源受限系统中使用这种全新的通信范式，该项目还将研究覆盖计算范式，包括采样、网络内处理和路由，以适应、充分释放和展示其巨大的影响。

Wireless sensor networks have revealed vast potential in providing accurate and cost-effective monitoring for a plethora of applications. In stark contrast with traditional data forwarding networks exemplified by the Internet, wireless sensor networks are uniquely characterized by drastically low data rate, often at several bytes per minute, owing to application specific requirements. Despite numerous groundbreaking work in this field, the underlying communication techniques, particularly at the physical and link layers, are still largely germinating along the Internet root and its wireless extensions. Moreover, energy efficiency has overwhelmingly relied on coordinated sleep/wakeup schemes, where communications are synchronized into a short time window. Inevitably this will augment the collision probability and irrelevant packet listening, the two dominant power consumption components in wireless networks.Motivated by recent advancements in semi-passive RFID technology, this project will develop an innovative asynchronous communication architecture, in which a sensor node is allowed to directly write data into a special, reactive module (RFID tag based) residing on the receiving node while its main platform (the central controller) is asleep. Owing to the low duty cycle of a sensor node, the proposed asynchronous architecture will liberate the network from collisions and idle listening by fully exploiting time as one dimension of resource (no conventional MAC needed) and hence achieve high energy efficiency. Furthermore, with this fundamentally new paradigm for communication in energy-constrained systems, this project will also study the overlaying computation paradigm, including sampling, in-network processing, and routing, in order to accommodate, fully unleash, and demonstrate its enormous impact.