SGER: Net neutrality

SGER：网络中立性

• 批准号: 0722087
• 负责人: Scott Jordan
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2009-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0722087&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Net; neutrality

Since the fundamental Internet protocols were designed, the Internet has changed from a cooperative network to one in which carriers and application providers both cooperate and compete. Internet design, however, has not evolved to gracefully recognize or support this competition. Support for both cooperation and competition requires coordinated evolution of Internet architecture and communications law. Communications law that is not based on Internet architecture can not effectively regulate the converging communications marketplace. Similarly, Internet architecture that does not recognize the effect of communications law upon the marketplace can not serve as a catalyst for innovation and new applications.Broader Impact: The focus of this project is on the interplay between Internet architecture and communications law around a recent issue called Net Neutrality. Net neutrality represents the idea that Internet users are entitled to service that does not discriminate on the basis of source, destination, or ownership of Internet traffic. Proponents of net neutrality argue that without a prohibition on discrimination, Internet Service Providers may charge application providers discriminatory prices for access to dedicated bandwidth or for quality of service, or may outright block access to certain applications or websites, and that such activity will inhibit development of new Internet applications. Opponents of net neutrality argue that there is no current problem, that competition is sufficient to ensure that commercially negotiated arrangements for bandwidth or QoS will not negatively impact consumers, and that any regulation will discourage investment in network infrastructure. Congressional action, or inaction, on net neutrality will greatly impact Internet architecture. If Congress adopts one of the more extreme versions of net neutrality, then the use of QoS could be prohibited. If Congress adopts a more moderate version of net neutrality, then QoS might be allowed but charging for QoS might be prohibited. If Congress does not act on net neutrality, then ISPs may block access to QoS mechanisms to competing application providers. Any of these actions would substantially affect the evolution of the Internet and of future Internet research. Intellectual Merit: In this project, the issue of net neutrality will be used to examine the interplay between Internet architecture and communications law, by considering the implications of Internet architecture upon net neutrality law and by considering the implications of net neutrality law upon Internet architecture. First, a network model and terminology will be created that can be interpreted in both Internet architecture and communications law. Internet infrastructure services will be defined as functionality that must be provided within the access network, whereas Internet application services will be defined as functionality that can be provided elsewhere in the Internet. Second, to consider the implications of Internet architecture upon net neutrality law, a net neutrality law will be formulated based on a careful delineation of Internet infrastructure and Internet applications. The approach will essentially mandate the use of open interfaces between infrastructure and applications, but will not mandate full open access, which would require open interfaces at each protocol layer. Third, to consider the implications of net neutrality law upon Internet architecture, architectural requirements required to support net neutrality through an open interface will be identified. Internet architecture requirements required to gracefully support both cooperation and competition will be studied. New design principles that the FIND community should attempt to incorporate into future Internet architecture will be formulated. It is difficult to formulate

自从互联网基本协议被设计出来以来，互联网已经从一个合作网络转变为一个运营商和应用程序提供商既合作又竞争的网络。然而，互联网设计还没有进化到优雅地认识或支持这种竞争。支持合作与竞争，需要互联网架构和通信法的协调发展。不以互联网架构为基础的通信法，无法有效规范日益融合的通信市场。同样，不承认通信法对市场的影响的互联网架构不能作为创新和新应用的催化剂。更广泛的影响：这个项目的重点是互联网架构和通信法律之间的相互作用，围绕最近的一个问题，称为网络中立。网络中立性是指互联网用户有权享受服务，而不因互联网流量的来源、目的地或所有权而受到歧视。网络中立性的支持者认为，如果不禁止歧视，互联网服务提供商可能会向应用程序提供商收取歧视性价格，以获得专用带宽或服务质量，或者可能会直接阻止访问某些应用程序或网站，这样的行为将抑制新的互联网应用程序的开发。网络中立性的反对者认为，目前不存在问题，竞争足以确保带宽或QoS的商业谈判安排不会对消费者产生负面影响，任何监管都会阻碍对网络基础设施的投资。国会对网络中立性的行动或不行动将极大地影响互联网架构。如果国会采纳了网络中立性的一个更极端的版本，那么QoS的使用可能会被禁止。如果国会对网络中立性采取更温和的版本，那么QoS可能会被允许，但对QoS收费可能会被禁止。如果国会不对网络中立性采取行动，那么互联网服务提供商可能会阻止竞争应用程序提供商访问QoS机制。这些行动中的任何一个都将实质性地影响互联网的发展和未来的互联网研究。知识价值：在这个项目中，网络中立性问题将被用来研究互联网架构和通信法之间的相互作用，通过考虑互联网架构对网络中立性法律的影响，并考虑网络中立性法律对互联网架构的影响。首先，将创建一个网络模型和术语，可以在互联网架构和通信法中解释。互联网基础设施服务将被定义为必须在接入网内提供的功能，而互联网应用服务将被定义为可以在互联网的其他地方提供的功能。其次，为了考虑互联网架构对网络中立性法律的影响，将在仔细描述互联网基础设施和互联网应用的基础上制定网络中立性法律。这种方法本质上要求在基础设施和应用程序之间使用开放接口，但不要求完全开放访问，因为完全开放访问需要在每个协议层都使用开放接口。第三，为了考虑网络中立性法律对互联网架构的影响，将确定通过开放接口支持网络中立性所需的架构要求。将研究优雅地支持合作和竞争所需的互联网架构要求。FIND社区应该尝试将新的设计原则纳入未来的Internet架构中。这很难表述