MRI: Acquisition of Geophysics Survey Instruments for Archaeological Geophysics Research and Training

该合同提供资金，允许伊萨卡学院购买一套地面遥感(GBRS)仪器、土壤采样工具和分析软件。GBRS仪器(探地雷达、电阻率、磁测量、磁化率和电导率)记录土壤和地下物体的地球物理性质。这些非侵入性方法中的每一种都记录了不同的物理参数，每种方法的有效性取决于被研究材料的性质。使用这些方法的目的是在进行考古挖掘之前或不进行考古挖掘之前获得地下的视角，使用多种仪器可以增强一个人对地下的视角。GBRS调查记录了有关地球物理参数的信息，但更重要的是，这些调查通过确定地下房屋位置、活动区、排水系统、埋葬和垃圾堆来记录与人类与景观相互作用有关的地球物理信号。伊萨卡学院人类学和物理系以及康奈尔大学人类学和景观建筑系正在合作，以更好地了解Haudenosaunee(易洛魁)聚落模式，并提高考古地球物理技术的有效性。纽约州的指湖地区为回答有关Haudenosaunee的人类学问题提供了丰富的环境。虽然遗址位置有很好的记录，但对定居点模式以及在与欧洲定居者互动之前和期间定居点模式的转变知之甚少。1779年的沙利文战役摧毁了卡尤加湖两岸的卡尤加和塞涅卡村庄，驱散了这些国家的成员，使重建定居点模式、社会网络和经济网络变得困难。为了了解群落模式，人们必须观察整个地区的遗址，这使得GBRS技术的使用尤其关键，因为与传统的考古方法相比，在更短的时间内覆盖更大的区域，同时仍然保持高分辨率采样。通过购买这一合同支持的仪器，还将建立伊萨卡应用地球物理方法学院、暑期实地学校和为期一个周末的专业讲习班。伊萨卡学院位于众多高等教育机构(宾厄姆顿大学、科尔盖特大学、康奈尔大学、霍巴特和威廉·史密斯学院、SUNY@Cortland、SUNY@Geneseo、SUNY@OSwego、锡拉丘兹大学、罗切斯特理工学院、罗切斯特大学和威尔斯学院)的中心地带，具有丰富的历史和考古价值，但没有地区性的GBRS实地学校。该地区几乎没有考古地球物理方法的经验，包括由国家林业局、国家公园管理局和国家公园控制的地点。在遥感和相关工具的使用方面，美国其他一些地区和欧洲的调查人员目前远远领先于美国东北部的同行。通过购买该奖项支持的仪器，暑期实地学校和周末讲习班将教育当前的文化资源管理专业人员和下一代考古学家如何成功地使用最现代的仪器进行土壤下的非侵入性成像。

This award provides funds to permit Ithaca College to acquire a suite of ground-based remote sensing (GBRS) instruments, soil sampling tools, and analysis software. GBRS instruments (ground-penetrating radar, resistivity, magnetometry, magnetic susceptibility, and conductivity) record the geophysical properties of the soils and subsurface objects. Each of these non-invasive methods record different physical parameters and each method's effectiveness depends upon the properties of the materials being studied. The goal of using these methods is to obtain a view into the subsurface prior to or without conducting archaeological excavation, and the use of multiple instruments can enhance one's view into the subsurface. GBRS surveys record information about geophysical parameters, but more importantly these surveys are recording the geophysical signals related to human interaction with the landscape by identifying subsurface house locations, activity areas, drainage systems, burials, and trash piles.Ithaca College anthropology and physics departments and Cornell University anthropology and landscape architecture departments are collaborating to better understand Haudenosaunee (Iroquois) settlement patterns and improving the effectiveness of archaeological geophysical techniques. The Finger Lakes region of New York State provides a rich environment for answering anthropological questions about the Haudenosaunee. Although site locations are well documented very little is known about settlement patterns and transitions in settlement patterns before and during interaction with European settlers. The 1779 Sullivan Campaign that destroyed Cayuga and Seneca villages along both sides of Cayuga Lake dispersed members of these Nations making it difficult to reconstruct settlement patterns, social networks, and economic networks. To gain an understanding of community patterning one must look at sites across the entire region making the use of GBRS techniques especially critical due to covering much larger areas in shorter times than traditional archaeological methods while still retaining high-resolution sampling. Acquisition of instruments supported by this award will also allow for the creation of an Ithaca College Methods in Applied Geophysics summer field school and weekend-long professional workshops. Ithaca College is centrally located among a large number of institutions of higher education (Binghamton University, Colgate University, Cornell University, Hobart & William Smith Colleges, SUNY @ Cortland, SUNY @ Geneseo, SUNY @ Oswego, Syracuse University, Rochester Institute of Technology, University of Rochester, and Wells College), and in a region of rich historic and archaeological interest, but there is no regional GBRS field school. There is little experience with archaeological geophysical methods in the region, including sites under the control of the National Forest Service, National Park Service, and State Parks. Some other regions of the United States and European investigators are currently well ahead of their colleagues in the northeastern United States in use of remote sensing and related tools. The summer field school and weekend workshops made possible by the acquisition of the instruments supported by this award will educate current cultural resource management professionals and the next generation of archaeologists on how to successfully use the most modern instruments for non-invasively imaging beneath the soils.