Video Analysis of Science Teaching: Developing a Shared ?Words-to-images? Analytical Tool

科学教学的研究由于缺乏优秀科学教学的共同形象而受到限制。尽管人们普遍认为，科学教育研究应该帮助教师以与改革文件一致的方式进行教学，但研究人员对课堂探究的定义存在很大差异。这种缺乏共享的“文字到图像”语言使得研究结果难以解释，因为使用了相似的单词，但它们没有固定在相似的图像上。此外，由于每个研究项目开发自己的分析协议和编码方案，跨项目比较是困难的。最后，缺乏共同的语言使得很难将研究成果传达给实践者、决策者和公众。本研究提出了一种独特的方法来解决科学教学研究中的一个关键问题，以打破科学教育研究的“筒仓”方法，并展示了开发共识分析工具和语言的可行性，这些工具和语言可用于各种调查。在研究中使用这些通用工具将提高科学教育研究的质量和影响，并改善研究与实践的交流。视频技术，包括在线可访问性，通过开发一种从文字到图像的共享语言和分析工具，为提高科学教育研究质量提供了机会。科学教学录像带使研究人员能够对科学教学进行更严格、更详细、更有启发性的分析，而课堂视频的协作观看则挑战了研究人员对科学教学的定义和描述。此外，几项关于科学教学的大规模研究，包括TIMSS视频研究，为拟议的建立共识提供了坚实的基础。该项目将让不同的科学教育者参与开发一种基于图像的共识语言，用于描述科学教学的5-10个关键方面。这种语言和视频图像将在《科学教学视频分析指南》中描述。该指南在帮助不同的科学教育者可靠地编写视频示例方面的有效性将在试点和现场测试研究中得到检验。对当前方法和工具的文献回顾将开始协作过程。在两年的时间里，研究团队将与代表科学教育界全方位观点的10位领先科学教育家组成的专家小组合作，以：a)选择科学教学的关键特征，b)开发一种共识语言来描述课程视频中所选的课程特征，以及c)开发和修订编码手册，以指导对课程视频中所选特征的分析。视频分析手册和视频示例将通过一个有密码保护的在线网站进行两轮测试和修订：1)由25名主要科学教育者组成的不同小组进行试点测试；2)由50名反映科学教育界多样性的参与者进行全国实地测试。这些测试将评估手册和视频示例在帮助科学教育界的不同成员开发一种共享的文字到图像语言方面的有效性。

Research on science teaching is limited by the lack of shared images of excellent science teaching looks like. Despite wide consensus that science education research should help teachers teach in ways consistent with reform documents, researchers vary widely in their interpretation of what counts as inquiry in the classroom. This lack of a shared "words-to-images" language makes findings difficult to interpret because similar words are used but they are not anchored to similar images. In addition, because each research project develops its own analysis protocols and coding schemes, cross-project comparisons are difficult. Finally, the lack of a shared language makes it difficult to communicate research results to practitioners, policymakers, and the general public. This study proposes a unique approach to addressing a critical problem in research on science teaching to break down the "silo" approach to science education research and demonstrate the feasibility of developing consensus analytical tools and language that can be used in a wide variety of investigations. Use of these common tools across studies will improve the quality and impact of science education research and improve the communication of research to practice.Video technology, including online accessibility, provides the opportunity to improve science education research quality by developing a shared words-to-images language and analytical tool. Videotapes of science teaching enable researchers to conduct more rigorous, detailed, and revealing analyses of science teaching, and collaborative viewing of lesson video challenges researchers to sharpen definitions and descriptions. In addition, several large-scale studies of science teaching, including the TIMSS video study, provide a strong foundation for the proposed consensus-building.This project will engage diverse science educators in developing a consensus image-based language for describing 5-10 key aspects of science teaching. This language,accompanied by video images, will be described in a Guide for Video Analysis of Science Teaching. The effectiveness of the guide in helping diverse science educators to code video examples reliably will be tested in pilot and field test studies.A literature review of current methods and tools will start the collaborative process. Across a 2-year period, the research team will work with an Expert Panel of 10 leading science educators representing the full range of perspectives in the science education community to:a) select key features of science teaching, b) develop a consensus language for describing the selected lesson features in lesson videos, and c) develop and revise a coding manual to guide analysis of the selected features in lesson videos. The video analysis manual and video examples will go through two rounds of testing and revision using an online, password-protected website: 1) a pilot test involving a diverse group of 25 leading science educators, and 2) a national field test involving 50 participants who reflect the diversity of the science education community. These tests will assess the effectiveness of the manual and video examples in helping diverse members of the science education community develop a shared words-to-images language.