Global, National, and Local Articulations: The Case of Pharmaceutical Policies in Argentina and Mexico

唐娜·m·戈尔茨坦博士将与一名卫生经济学家和两名国内合作者一起进行研究，力求为研究全球化制定适当的多层次、跨学科模式。他们的具体重点将是药物保健。他们将研究向受感染的当地人口提供艾滋病毒/艾滋病药物的问题。支持包容性卫生保健政策的发展中国家政府被夹在知识产权法的要求、全球和国家制药游说团体的力量以及组织良好的艾滋病活动人士日益增长的要求之间。通过对比较经济和人种学证据的收集和分析，本项目旨在评估不同层面——全球、国家和地方——的力量如何在布宜诺斯艾利斯和墨西哥城这两个大都市地区的医药谈判过程中发挥作用。该项目的试点阶段将重点关注四种利益相关者：(1)生产艾滋病毒/艾滋病药物的跨国制药公司，(2)艾滋病毒/艾滋病药物的仿制药生产商，(3)游说联邦政府的艾滋病毒/艾滋病活动家，(4)主要提供服务而不游说联邦政府的艾滋病毒/艾滋病活动家，以及两个正在进行的药物谈判的人种学案例研究。收集到的数据将用于回答有关拉丁美洲药品政策的核心问题：阿根廷和墨西哥等发展中国家的药品谈判中起什么作用？在考虑国际监管机构和知识产权专利法方面，制药公司和艾滋病毒/艾滋病活动家在国家背景下发挥什么作用？这项研究很重要，因为尽管全球化经常被认为是影响世界各地人们生活的主要力量，但人们对全球化是如何通过许多干预层面来承担的却知之甚少。这项研究将使这些联系变得清晰，并有助于开发可供其他研究人员在其他情况下使用的模型。这项研究还将有助于理解发展中国家最近对艾滋病毒/艾滋病护理的法律变化的后果，并将促进国际研究合作。

Dr. Donna M. Goldstein, along with a health economist and two in-country collaborators, will undertake research that seeks to develop appropriate multi-level, interdisciplinary models for studying globalization. Their specific focus will be the case of pharmaceutical health care. They will study the provisioning of HIV/AIDS medication to infected local populations. Governments of developing countries that support inclusive health care policies are caught between the demands of intellectual property law, the strength of global and national pharmaceutical lobbies, and the growing demands of well-organized AIDS activists. Through the collection and analysis of comparative economic and ethnographic evidence, the current project seeks to evaluate how forces acting on different levels -- global, natational, and local -- play out in pharmaceutical negotiation processes as they materialize within two metropolitan areas: Buenos Aires and Mexico City. This pilot phase of the project will focus on four kinds of stakeholders: (1)transnational pharmaceutical corporations producing HIV/AIDS drugs, (2) generic producers of HIV/AIDS drugs, (3) HIV/AIDS activists who lobby the federal government, and (4)HIV/AIDS activists who mainly provide services and do not lobby the federal government, plus two ethnographic case studies of ongoing pharmaceutical negotiations. The data collected will be used to answer the central questions regarding pharmaceutical policies in Latin America: What forces play into pharmaceutical negotiations in developing countries such as Argentina and Mexico? What role do pharmaceutical companies and HIV/AIDS activists play in national contexts with regard to the consideration of international regulatory bodies and intellectual patent law?The research is important because while globalization is frequently cited as a major force affecting people's lives all over the world, how it comes to bear through the many intervening levels is not well understood. This research will make those links clear and help to develop models that can be used by other researchers in other contexts. The research also will contribute to understanding the consequences of recent legal changes for HIV/AIDS care in developing countries, and will foster international research cooperation.