Mechanobiological regulation of cell and tissue architecture by actomyosin stress fiber bundles

肌动球蛋白应力纤维束对细胞和组织结构的机械生物学调节

• 批准号: 0727420
• 负责人: Sanjay Kumar
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0727420&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mechanobiological; regulation; cell; tissue; architecture

Actomyosin stress fiber bundles, or ?stress fibers,? are cable-like structures that run along the base of a living cell and enable the cell to generate tractional forces against its environment, a functionality that is critical to cell structure control and migration. This program seeks to investigate the role played by stress fibers in the regulation of cell and tissue structure and mechanics. There are two key program goals. The first goal is to elucidate the relationship between extracellular matrix rigidity and stress fiber elasticity. Key approaches here include fabrication of cell culture substrates with defined mechanical and biochemical properties, and use of femtosecond laser ablation and other advanced optical imaging methods to probe individual stress fibers in living cells. The second goal is to investigate the role played by individual stress fibers in controlling the architecture and mechanics of multicellular structures, both in two-dimensional and three-dimensional culture.This program will contribute to our fundamental understanding of mechanisms that living cells use to define and modify their structure, behaviors that are central both to normal tissue development and disease. This program will also provide mechanistic insight into the increasingly-appreciated role played by mechanical force in controlling cell physiology, which in turn may contribute to more rational design strategies for cell and tissue engineering systems. In addition, there are two key educational goals of this program, including development of a graduate-level course and organization of a regional research symposium featuring faculty and students from predominantly undergraduate institutions, both in the subject area of cell and tissue mechanotransduction.

肌动球蛋白应力纤维束，或？应力纤维，？是沿着活细胞的基部延伸的索状结构，并使细胞能够产生对抗其环境的牵引力，这是对细胞结构控制和迁移至关重要的功能。 该计划旨在研究应力纤维在细胞和组织结构和力学调节中所起的作用。 有两个关键的计划目标。 第一个目标是阐明细胞外基质刚性和应力纤维弹性之间的关系。 这里的关键方法包括制造具有确定的机械和生物化学特性的细胞培养基质，以及使用飞秒激光消融和其他先进的光学成像方法来探测活细胞中的单个应力纤维。 第二个目标是研究单个应力纤维在控制多细胞结构的结构和力学方面所起的作用，无论是在二维还是三维培养中。该计划将有助于我们对活细胞用于定义和修改其结构的机制的基本理解，这些结构和行为对正常组织发育和疾病都至关重要。 该计划还将提供对机械力在控制细胞生理学中所发挥的日益重要的作用的机械见解，这反过来可能有助于细胞和组织工程系统的更合理的设计策略。 此外，该计划还有两个关键的教育目标，包括研究生课程的开发和区域研究研讨会的组织，该研讨会由来自主要本科院校的教师和学生组成，无论是在细胞和组织机械传导的主题领域。