Theory and Practice of Secure Computation

在我们为有用目的收集数据的愿望和我们保护个人隐私的愿望之间存在着根本的紧张关系。典型的例子是投票，我们希望在不显示任何个人投票的情况下将投票相加。安全计算是密码学的一个分支，它调解并在某些情况下转换这种紧张关系，使我们能够满足这些相互冲突的需求，达到比天真地看起来可能的更高的水平。本文的研究主要涉及安全的基本理论， 计算，确定在什么条件下可以从多个数据源获得有用的信息，同时最大限度地保护这些数据的隐私。它还考虑了特殊情况下，安全计算可能是特别有效和实用的。实际的安全计算解决方案将是有用的一些应用程序，包括电子投票，电子商务和访问控制systems.Specific目标的调查包括：分类的安全计算系统，特别是那些具有概率输出行为的一般类的功率。进一步发展安全计算原语中的无错归约理论，其中目标是以确定性而不是仅以高概率实现的。为具有复杂计票机制的投票系统开发更有效的协议（例如，即时决选投票），以及其他偏好聚集问题。寻找使用现存信息服务作为实现安全计算的手段和作为弥合抽象协议和真实的系统之间的差距的资源的方法。工作水平声明我们注意到，建议为主要研究者提供的夏季支持已减少到每年一个月。在建议的支持水平上，主要研究者将尽一切努力满足项目的原始范围以及他的努力水平。

There is a fundamental tension between our desire to aggregate data for useful purposes and our desire to protect the privacy of individuals. The canonical example is voting, in which we wish to add up votes without revealing any individual votes. Secure computation is a branch of cryptography that mediates and in some cases transforms this tension, allowing us to satisfy these conflicting needs to a far greater level than naively would seem possible. The research is primarily concerned with the basic theory of secure computation, determining under what conditions it is possible to obtain useful information from multiple sources of data while maximally protecting the privacy of this data. It also considers special cases under which secure computation may be particularly efficient and practical. Practical secure computation solutions would be useful for a number of applications, including electronic voting, e-commerce and access control systems.Specific goals of this investigation include:: Classifying the power of general classes of secure computation systems, particularly those with probabilistic output behavior.: Further developing the theory of errorless reductions among secure computation primitives, in which the goals are achieved with certainty as opposed to merely with high probability.: Developing more efficient protocols for voting systems with sophisticated vote-counting mechanisms (e.g., instant runoff voting), and for other preference aggregation problems.: Finding ways to use extant information services as a means for implementing secure computations and as a resource for bridging the gap between abstract protocols and real systems.Level of effort statementWe note that the amount of summer support recommended for the principal investigator has been reduced to one month per year. At the recommended level of support, the principal investigator will make every attempt to meet the original scope of the project, as well as his level of effort.1