IPY: Adding Continuous Black Carbon Analysis to the Norwegian-US Traverse Ice Core Measurements

IPY：在挪威-美国横断冰芯测量中添加连续黑碳分析

• 批准号: 0733089
• 负责人: Kendrick Taylor
• 金额: $ 24.51万
• 依托单位: Nevada System of Higher Education, Desert Research Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0733089&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IPY; Adding; Continuous; Black; Carbon

This award supports a project to add high-resolution continuous black carbon measurements to the IPY Norwegian-US traverse glaciochemical analyses. At present, very little is known regarding black carbon particles over Antarctica or its presence in Antarctic snow and ice. Recently a new analytical method for measuring black carbon in water, that is nearly a million times more sensitive than existing methods, has been developed. An ice core from West Antarctica was analyzed at very high temporal resolution and a number of discoveries were made. The project will investigate the spatial and temporal history of black carbon deposition to Antarctica and its relationship to black carbon aerosol and climate in the Southern Hemisphere. The intellectual merit of this work is that Black Carbon (BC) aerosols result solely from combustion and play a critical but poorly quantified role in global climate forcing and the carbon cycle. When incorporated into snow and ice, BC increases absorption of solar radiation making seasonal snow packs, mountain glaciers, polar ice sheets, and sea ice much more vulnerable to climate warming. However, little is known regarding the history of BC in the atmosphere or its presence in meteoric and terrestrial waters. These particles are also a unique atmospheric tracer, which at remote locations such as the polar ice caps, can be used to investigate atmospheric circulation. Because of the recent invention of an ultra-sensitive black carbon analytical method, the BC record preserved in the Antarctic ice sheet can now be determined with high temporal resolution. In terms of broader impacts, the project represents a paradigm shift in our ability to reconstruct the history of fire from ice core records and to understand its impact on atmospheric chemistry and climate over millennial time scales. This has been a goal of many scientists over the past several decades. Data from the project will be made rapidly available to the larger scientific community. This type of data is especially needed to drive global circulation model simulations of black carbon aerosols, which have been found to be an important component of global warming and which may be perturbing the hydrologic cycle. The project will also employ undergraduate students and is committed to attracting under-represented groups to the physical sciences. The project?s outreach component will be conducted as part of the Norwegian-US traverse?s outreach program and will reach a wide audience.

该奖项支持一个项目，以增加高分辨率的连续黑碳测量IPY挪威-美国横贯冰川化学分析。目前，人们对南极洲上空的黑碳颗粒或其在南极冰雪中的存在知之甚少。最近开发了一种测量水中黑碳的新分析方法，其灵敏度比现有方法高出近一百万倍。 以非常高的时间分辨率分析了南极洲西部的冰芯，并取得了一些发现。该项目将调查黑碳沉积到南极洲的时空历史及其与南半球黑碳气溶胶和气候的关系。 这项工作的智力价值在于，黑碳（BC）气溶胶仅由燃烧产生，在全球气候强迫和碳循环中发挥着关键但量化不佳的作用。当被纳入雪和冰中时，BC增加了对太阳辐射的吸收，使季节性积雪、高山冰川、极地冰盖和海冰更容易受到气候变暖的影响。然而，关于BC在大气中的历史或其在流星和陆地沃茨中的存在，人们知之甚少。这些粒子也是一种独特的大气示踪剂，在极地冰盖等偏远地区，可用于研究大气环流。由于最近发明了一种超灵敏的黑碳分析方法，现在可以以高时间分辨率确定保存在南极冰盖中的BC记录。就更广泛的影响而言，该项目代表了我们从冰芯记录重建火灾历史并了解其对千年时间尺度上的大气化学和气候影响的能力的范式转变。这是过去几十年来许多科学家的目标。该项目的数据将迅速提供给广大科学界。这类数据特别需要推动全球循环模型对黑碳气溶胶的模拟，黑碳气溶胶已被发现是全球变暖的重要组成部分，可能会扰乱水文循环。该项目还将雇用本科生，并致力于吸引代表性不足的群体到物理科学。项目？的外展部分将作为挪威-美国遍历的一部分进行？的推广计划，并将达到广泛的观众。