Collaborative research: Possible climate-induced change in the distribution of Pleuragramma antarcticum on the Western Antarctic Peninsula shelf

合作研究：气候引起的南极半岛西部陆架上的 Pleuragramma antarcticum 分布可能发生的变化

• 批准号: 0741348
• 负责人: Joseph Torres
• 金额: $ 41.2万
• 依托单位: University of South Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0741348&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; research; Possible; climate; induced

Intellectual Merit: Pleuragramma antarcticum, the Antarctic silverfish, play a key role in the trophic pyramid of the Antarctic coastal ecosystem, acting as food for larger fishes, flying and non-flying seabirds, pinnipeds, and whales. In turn, they are predators on coastal euphausiids, including both Euphausia superba and crystallorophias. Historically, Pleuragramma have been an important food source for Adélie Penguins of the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), but during the last decade Pleuragramma have disappeared from the Adélie diet. We suggest that Pleuragramma?s absence from the diets of top predators is linked to the declining sea ice canopy, which serves as a nursery for eggs and larvae during the austral spring. The research will investigate four hydrographic regimes over the WAP continental shelf with the following features: (1) persistent gyral flows that act to retain locally spawned larvae, (2) spring sea ice that has declined in recent years (3) the prevalence of adult silverfish, and (4) the presence of breeding Adélie penguins whose diets vary in the proportions of silverfish consumed. The research will evaluate the importance of local reproduction versus larval advection, and the extent to which populations in the subregions of study are genetically distinct, via analysis of population structure, otolith microchemistry and molecular genetics of fish. The Pleuragramma data will be compared with penguin diet samples taken synoptically. Broader Impacts: The proposed research brings together an international group of scientists with highly complimentary suites of skills to address the fate of Pleuragramma on the WAP shelf. Graduate students will use the data acquired as part of their Ph.D research, and will receive cross-training in ornithological field techniques, molecular genetic methods and otolith isotope chemistry. The PIs will work actively with the St. Petersburg Times to produce a blog in real time with pictures and text, which will be used to interact with local schools while we are at sea and after our return. The investigators also will collaborate with the COSEE center at USF and at local schools and museums to disseminate results to the K-12 community throughout the region.

智力优势：Pleuragramma antarcticum（南极蠹鱼）在南极沿海生态系统的营养金字塔中发挥着关键作用，是大型鱼类、飞行和非飞行海鸟、鳍足类和鲸鱼的食物。反过来，它们是沿海磷虾的捕食者，包括磷虾和水晶磷虾。从历史上看，胸膜藻一直是南极西部半岛（WAP）阿德利企鹅的重要食物来源，但在过去十年中，胸膜藻已从阿德利企鹅的饮食中消失。我们认为，顶级捕食者的饮食中缺少胸甲藻与海冰冠层的减少有关，而海冰冠层在南方春季是卵和幼虫的温床。 该研究将调查WAP大陆架上的四种水文状况，具有以下特征：（1）持续的旋流可以保留当地产卵的幼虫；（2）近年来有所下降的春季海冰；（3）成年蠹鱼的流行；（4）存在繁殖中的阿德利企鹅，其饮食因消耗蠹鱼的比例而异。 该研究将通过对种群结构、耳石微化学和鱼类分子遗传学的分析，评估局部繁殖与幼虫平流的重要性，以及研究次区域的种群在遗传上的独特程度。 Pleuragramma 数据将与概要采集的企鹅饮食样本进行比较。更广泛的影响：拟议的研究汇集了一组具有高度互补技能的国际科学家，以解决 Pleuragramma 在 WAP 货架上的命运。研究生将使用获得的数据作为其博士研究的一部分，并将接受鸟类学领域技术、分子遗传学方法和耳石同位素化学方面的交叉培训。 PI将与《圣彼得堡时报》积极合作，制作一个图文并茂的实时博客，用于我们在海上和回国后与当地学校的互动。调查人员还将与 USF 的 COSEE 中心以及当地学校和博物馆合作，向整个地区的 K-12 社区传播结果。