Advanced Microwave Radiometer for Rain Identification (ADMIRARI II)

用于雨水识别的先进微波辐射计（ADMIRARI）于2007年建成并投入使用。从那时起，ADMIRARI已经参加了几次测量活动，并展示了其在全天候条件下提供前所未有的路径综合水汽含量、云液态水含量和雨水持续估计的能力。我们建议利用该仪器的独特潜力，以显著减少当前有关以下问题的不确定性：1哪些微物理云特性表征暖雨事件，以及相关云-雨转换过程的典型时间尺度是什么？冰相和混合相降水云的微物理特性的典型范围是什么？它们如何随地区和季节变化？云分辨天气预报模式对观测到的微物理性质的反映有多好？为了用ADMIRARI解决问题2和3，必须解决以下问题：4熔化层的微波辐射特性是什么，我们如何以物理一致的方式在主动和被动微波辐射传输模型中适应这些特性？为了最大限度地发挥ADMIRARI的独特能力，我们建议加入多个全球降水测量任务（GPM）的野外验证实验。与ADMIRARI并排部署的主动微波仪器将提供降水系统空间结构的信息。一个额外的双极化高频微波辐射计将改善定量估计，特别是液体和冷冻水成物的微物理性质。

The Advanced Microwave Radiometer for Rain Identification (ADMIRARI) was built and taken into operation in 2007. Since then ADMIRARI has taken part in several measurement campaigns and demonstrated its ability to deliver unprecedented continuous estimates of the path-integrated water vapor content, cloud liquid water content, and rain water under all-weather conditions. We propose to exploit the unique potential of this instrument in order to significantly reduce current uncertainties concerning the following questions:1 Which microphysical cloud properties characterize warm rain events, and what are the typical time-scales of the related cloud-to-rain conversion processes?2 What is the typical range of microphysical properties of ice- and mixed-phase precipitating clouds, and how do they vary with region and season?3 How well do cloud resolving weather forecast models represent the observed microphysical properties?In order to approach questions 2 and 3 with ADMIRARI is the following question must be solved:4 What are the microwave radiative properties of the melting layer, and how can we accommodate these in models for active and passive microwave radiative transfer in a physically consistent way?In order to optimally exploit the unique capability of ADMIRARI, we propose to join several field validation experiments of the Global Precipitation Measurement mission (GPM). The active microwave instruments deployed side-by-side with ADMIRARI will supply information on the spatial structure of precipitation systems. An additional dual-polarization high-frequency microwave radiometer will improve the quantitative estimate especially of microphysical properties of liquid and frozen hydrometeors.