Strengthening Qualitative Research Through Methodological Innovation and Integration: An Integration of Conversation Analysis and Ethnography

SES-0751032 Stefan TimmermansJohn Heritage加州大学洛杉矶分校该项目的目的是制定一套整合对话分析和民族志的方法论指南。会话分析是一种广泛使用的研究语言交际的方法。民族志是一种研究人员长期参与人们日常生活以收集密切观察数据的方法。尽管他们的共同利益，很少有研究成功地整合了这两种方法。会话分析师仔细研究了口头交流，但很少关注这些对话如何有助于更广泛的社会图景。相比之下，民族志学家对互动的社会框架更为敏感，但往往掩盖互动的关键细节。在这个混合方法的项目中，研究人员使用民族志方法来提供对突出的社会背景的访问，同时使用会话分析来追踪社会变化的详细机制。 他们开发了这种混合方法来调查新生儿筛查结果对家庭的影响。 新生儿筛查是最近开发的用于确定婴儿罕见代谢和遗传疾病的技术。在美国，所有新生儿都要进行“脚跟采血”。可能的异常情况报告给儿科医生，并转介给遗传学家作进一步的探索。本研究使用对话分析来研究遗传学家和父母之间的沟通细节，立即测试结果，并使用人种学方法来跟踪家庭的反应和调整诊断超过两年的时间。一个综合的会话分析民族志研究议程将研究社会互动的过程，构成个人生活的过程，家庭的形成，和社会机构的工作序列。 我们的目标是确定临床医生与家长的沟通如何影响家庭对诊断及其后果的理解，以及他们采取的应对策略。在更广泛的影响方面，研究结果有助于方法相结合的对话分析和人种学和实质性的奖学金的沟通及其后果，在新生儿筛查。此外，虽然研究人员正在开发技术，以在新生儿筛查中包括更多罕见的遗传疾病，但对这些检测结果与其诊断和预后不确定性的沟通知之甚少。 该研究将产生有关新生儿筛查的社会后果以及各种沟通方式，疾病和患者特征的影响的政策相关数据。

SES-0751032Stefan TimmermansJohn HeritageUniversity of California, Los AngelesThe aim of this project is to develop a set of methodological guidelines for integrating conversation analysis and ethnography. Conversation analysis is a widely used methodology focused on verbal communication for the investigation of social interaction. Ethnography is a methodology in which researchers participate in people's daily lives for an extended period of time to gather close observational data. In spite of their shared interests, few studies have successfully integrated both approaches. Conversation analysts have closely examined verbal exchanges but paid little attention to how these conversations contribute to the broader social picture. Ethnographers, in contrast, have been more sensitive to the social framing of interactions but tend to gloss over key details of interactions. In this mixed-methods project the investigators use ethnographic methods to provide access to salient social contexts, while using conversation analysis to trace detailed mechanisms of social change. They develop this mixed method approach to investigate the effects of newborn screening results on families. Newborn screening is a recently developed technique for determining rare metabolic and genetic disorders in infants. In the U.S. a 'heelprick' blood test is applied to all newborns for this purpose. Possible abnormalities are reported to pediatricians and referred to geneticists for further exploration. This study uses conversation analysis to study the details of communication between geneticists and parents immediately following test results, and uses ethnographic methods to follow the families' reactions and adjustments to the diagnosis over a two-year period. An integrated conversation analysis-ethnography research agenda will study social interaction as a sequence of processes that constitute the course of individual lives, formation of families, and working of social institutions. The goal is identify how clinician-parent communications influence family understandings of the diagnosis and its consequences, together with their adoption of coping strategies. In terms of broader impact, study findings contribute methodological to combining conversation analysis and ethnography and substantively to scholarship on communication and its consequences in newborn screening. In addition, while researchers are developing technologies to include more rare genetic conditions in newborn screening, little is known about the communication of these test results with their context of diagnostic and prognostic uncertainty. The study will yield policy relevant data about the social consequences of newborn screening and the effects of various communication styles, disease, and patient characteristics.