New Adsorbents for Hydrogen Storage

氢能储存是未来“氢经济”的关键缺失环节。氢气可以储存在压缩罐中，以液化形式储存，也可以储存在填充了吸附材料的压缩罐中。最有前途的技术是吸附剂法。吸附剂方法包括金属氢化物和吸附剂。在运输应用方面，美国能源部设定了6.5 wt%和62 kg H2/m3作为环境温度下的车载氢气储存目标。压力没有指定，但100atm已作为研究的标称压力。作为参考，对于燃料电池驱动的紧凑型乘用车，行驶400公里需要4kg氢气。移动应用的其他例子是便携式电子设备的存储，如笔记本电脑和由燃料电池供电的手机，以及非汽车运输应用，如摩托车。开发用于常温储氢的新型吸附剂是一个极具挑战性的问题。使用氢溢出方法，通过简单的桥接构建技术（促进溢出过程），我们最近制备的吸附剂在所有已知的吸附剂中，在环境温度下达到了迄今为止最高的可重复性（即，通过doe指定的验证实验室）储存量。最近其他实验室的实验和理论研究表明，碳中的硼取代或氮取代可以大大增加H2和H与碳之间的相互作用，从而增加储存容量。本研究旨在开发用于移动和固定应用的B-和n -取代碳储氢材料，以及对B-和n -取代碳储氢的氢溢出现象有一个基本的了解。我们的工作将从合成具有高表面积的B和n取代碳开始。我们的方法将包括在B-和n -取代的碳上直接掺杂金属（氢解离成氢原子），并通过我们的桥接技术进一步增加溢出存储。通过使用一些技术，包括使用氘(D)同位素示踪剂来跟踪溢出的动力学和机制，将获得对溢出现象的基本理解。在这项工作中开发的新型吸附剂应适用于移动和固定电源。这个项目需要研究生和本科生的积极参与。学生们将积极参与在国家会议上和通过出版物传播这些发现和发现。通过此次研究，可以开发出实现未来“氢经济”所必需的新氢储存技术。在这项工作中开发的新型吸附剂将适用于移动和固定电源。此外，在这项工作中开发的吸附剂可以很容易地转移到工业应用中。此外，本文还将对氢气溢出和逆向溢出现象有一个基本的认识。

CBET-0753008YangHydrogen storage is the crucially missing link to a future "hydrogen economy." Hydrogen can be stored in compressed tanks, in liquefied form, and in compressed tanks filled with sorbent materials. The most promising technique is the sorbent approach. The sorbent approach includes metal hydrides and adsorbents. For transportation applications, the U. S. Department of Energy has set 6.5 wt% and 62 kg H2/m3 as the targets for on-board hydrogen storage at ambient temperature. The pressure is not specified, but 100 atm has been a nominal pressure for research. As a reference, for a compact passenger vehicle powered by fuel cell, 4 kg H2 is needed for a driving range of 400 km. Other examples for mobile applications are storage for portable electronics such as laptop computers and cell phones that are powered by fuel cells, as well as for non-automobile transportation applications such as motorcycles.To develop new adsorbents for hydrogen storage at ambient temperature is a most challenging problem. Using the hydrogen spillover approach, via a simple bridging building technique (for facilitating the spillover process), we have recently prepared sorbents that have achieved by far the highest reproducible (i.e., by the DOE-designated validation lab) storage amounts at the ambient temperature among all known sorbents. Recent experiments and theoretical studies from other laboratories have shown that the interactions between both H2 and H with carbon can be substantially increased by boron-substitution or nitrogen-substitution in the carbon, leading to increased storage capacities. This research is aimed at developing B- and N-substituted carbon materials for hydrogen storage for both mobile and stationary applications, as well as for obtaining a fundamental understanding of the hydrogen spillover phenomenon on B- and N-substituted carbons for hydrogen storage. Our work will begin with synthesis of B- and N-substituted carbons with high surface areas. Our approach will include both direct doping of metals (for hydrogen dissociation into hydrogen atoms) on the B- and N-substituted carbon, and by using our bridging technique to further increase the spillover storage. A fundamental understanding of the spillover phenomenon will be obtained by using a number of techniques, including the use of deuterium (D) isotope tracer for following the kinetics and mechanism of spillover. The new sorbents developed in this work should be applicable for both mobile and stationary power sources. This project will involve active participation of a diversity of graduate as well as undergraduate students. The students will be active in disseminating the findings and discoveries at national meetings and through publications. The research will lead to a new technology for hydrogen storage, which is crucially needed for realizing a future "hydrogen economy." The new sorbents developed in this work will be applicable for both mobile and stationary power sources. Also, the sorbents developed in this work can be readily transferred to industrial applications. In addition, a basic understanding of the hydrogen spillover and reverse spillover phenomena will be obtained in this work.