New Adsorbents for Hydrogen Storage

CBET-0753008杨氢存储是未来“氢经济”中至关重要的缺失环节。氢气可以以液化形式储存在压缩罐中，也可以储存在充满吸附剂材料的压缩罐中。最有前途的技术是吸附剂方法。吸附剂方法包括金属吸附剂和吸附剂。对于运输应用，美国。S.美国能源部已将6.5wt%和62 kg H2/m3设定为环境温度下车载储氢的目标。压力没有规定，但100 atm是研究的标称压力。 作为参考，对于由燃料电池驱动的紧凑型乘用车，400 km的续驶里程需要4 kg H2。移动的应用的其他例子是用于便携式电子设备的存储，例如由燃料电池供电的膝上型计算机和蜂窝电话，以及用于非汽车运输应用，例如摩托车。 使用氢溢出方法，通过简单的桥接构建技术（用于促进溢出过程），我们最近制备了吸附剂，其实现了迄今为止最高的可再现性（即，由DOE指定的验证实验室）在环境温度下所有已知吸附剂的储存量。来自其他实验室的最近的实验和理论研究表明，H2和H与碳之间的相互作用可以通过碳中的硼取代或氮取代而显著增加，从而导致存储容量增加。本研究的目的是开发B-和N-取代的碳材料用于储氢的移动的和固定的应用，以及获得一个基本的理解氢溢出现象的B-和N-取代的碳储氢。 我们的工作将从合成具有高表面积的B-和N-取代碳开始开始。 我们的方法将包括在B-和N-取代的碳上直接掺杂金属（用于氢解离成氢原子），以及通过使用我们的桥接技术来进一步增加溢出存储。 通过使用一些技术，包括使用氘（D）同位素示踪剂跟踪溢出的动力学和机制，将获得对溢出现象的基本理解。在这项工作中开发的新吸附剂应适用于移动的和固定电源。 这个项目将涉及研究生和本科生的多样性的积极参与。学生们将在国家会议上和通过出版物积极传播研究结果和发现。这项研究将导致一种新的储氢技术，这是实现未来“氢经济”所急需的。“这项工作中开发的新吸附剂将适用于移动的和固定电源。 此外，在这项工作中开发的吸附剂可以很容易地转移到工业应用。 此外，在这项工作中，氢溢出和反向溢出现象的基本理解将获得。

CBET-0753008YangHydrogen storage is the crucially missing link to a future "hydrogen economy." Hydrogen can be stored in compressed tanks, in liquefied form, and in compressed tanks filled with sorbent materials. The most promising technique is the sorbent approach. The sorbent approach includes metal hydrides and adsorbents. For transportation applications, the U. S. Department of Energy has set 6.5 wt% and 62 kg H2/m3 as the targets for on-board hydrogen storage at ambient temperature. The pressure is not specified, but 100 atm has been a nominal pressure for research. As a reference, for a compact passenger vehicle powered by fuel cell, 4 kg H2 is needed for a driving range of 400 km. Other examples for mobile applications are storage for portable electronics such as laptop computers and cell phones that are powered by fuel cells, as well as for non-automobile transportation applications such as motorcycles.To develop new adsorbents for hydrogen storage at ambient temperature is a most challenging problem. Using the hydrogen spillover approach, via a simple bridging building technique (for facilitating the spillover process), we have recently prepared sorbents that have achieved by far the highest reproducible (i.e., by the DOE-designated validation lab) storage amounts at the ambient temperature among all known sorbents. Recent experiments and theoretical studies from other laboratories have shown that the interactions between both H2 and H with carbon can be substantially increased by boron-substitution or nitrogen-substitution in the carbon, leading to increased storage capacities. This research is aimed at developing B- and N-substituted carbon materials for hydrogen storage for both mobile and stationary applications, as well as for obtaining a fundamental understanding of the hydrogen spillover phenomenon on B- and N-substituted carbons for hydrogen storage. Our work will begin with synthesis of B- and N-substituted carbons with high surface areas. Our approach will include both direct doping of metals (for hydrogen dissociation into hydrogen atoms) on the B- and N-substituted carbon, and by using our bridging technique to further increase the spillover storage. A fundamental understanding of the spillover phenomenon will be obtained by using a number of techniques, including the use of deuterium (D) isotope tracer for following the kinetics and mechanism of spillover. The new sorbents developed in this work should be applicable for both mobile and stationary power sources. This project will involve active participation of a diversity of graduate as well as undergraduate students. The students will be active in disseminating the findings and discoveries at national meetings and through publications. The research will lead to a new technology for hydrogen storage, which is crucially needed for realizing a future "hydrogen economy." The new sorbents developed in this work will be applicable for both mobile and stationary power sources. Also, the sorbents developed in this work can be readily transferred to industrial applications. In addition, a basic understanding of the hydrogen spillover and reverse spillover phenomena will be obtained in this work.