Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics

该奖项将支持研究超相对论性核之间的碰撞，最终导致在广泛的温度和密度范围内确定核物质的性质和状态方程。 高能量密度物理学是一个快速发展的领域，跨越了广泛的物理子学科，包括核物理，等离子体物理，激光物理，流体动力学和磁流体力学。 新的地面和轨道天文台的天体物理学结果使人们能够通过研究巨行星、褐矮星、白色矮星、中子星、超新星、伽马射线爆发和大爆炸，研究恒星、银河系和宇宙尺度上的高能量密度物理学。 由相对论性核-核碰撞奖支持的研究探索了高能量密度物理相空间的高温区域，在那里有从强子到部分子物质的过渡，夸克-胶子等离子体（QGP）。 虽然很明显，稠密的夸克物质是在相对论重离子碰撞的早期阶段产生的，但相变边界的识别将需要一套全面的和相关的测量碰撞观测值，以及将观测值与核物质参数联系起来的现实和广泛的计算。在长岛布鲁克海文国家实验室（BNL）的相对论重离子对撞机（RHIC）的螺线管跟踪器（星星）实验和瑞士日内瓦欧洲核子研究中心（CERN）的大型强子对撞机（LHC）的紧凑μ子螺线管（CMS）实验中获得的数据和解释。 年轻的科学家也将以必要的方式参与这项研究。

This award will support the study of collisions between ultra-relativistic nuclei, ultimately leading to a determination of the properties and of the equation of state of nuclear matter over a wide range of temperatures and densities. High energy density physics is a rapidly growing field that spans a broad range of physics sub-disciplines including nuclear physics, plasma physics, laser physics, fluid dynamics, and magnetohydrodynamics. The astrophysics results from new terrestrial and orbital observatories have enabled study of high energy density physics on the stellar, galactic, and universal scales through the study of giant planets, brown dwarfs, white dwarfs, neutron stars, supernovae, gamma-ray bursters, and the big bang. The studies supported by this award of relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions probe the high-temperature region of high energy density physics phase space, where there is a transition from hadron to partonic matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Although it is clear that dense quark matter is created in the early stages of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, identification of the phase transition boundary will require a comprehensive and correlated set of measured collision observables, as well as, realistic and extensive calculations which relate the observables to nuclear matter parameters.For the next three years, efforts will be focused on the acquisition, analysis, and interpretation of data taken with the Solenoidal Tracker At RHIC (STAR) experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) on Long Island, and the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at the European Center for Nuclear Research (CERN) in Geneva, Switzerland. Junior scientists will also participate in an essential way in this research.