Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles

海洋嗜冷菌的冰成核

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0801392
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    $ 8.76万
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2007-10-01 至 2010-01-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.
这项研究的主要目标是在实验室使用微生物学、分子生物学和大气科学相结合的方法来研究极地海洋嗜冷菌形成冰的潜力。关于嗜冷菌如何与冰相互作用和应对,以及它们对极端寒冷和盐度条件的适应,人们知之甚少。这项工作将涉及使用一种新的冻管技术分析冻结光谱的一系列实验室实验,这将提供关于以下方面的定量信息:(1)含有海冰细菌的异质冻结液滴的随温度变化的冻结速率;(2)海冰细菌分离株之间成冰活性与抗冻活性的比例;以及(3)在一定温度和盐度范围内生长的具有成冰活性的细菌的随温度变化的冻结速率。将确定对观察到的活动负责的化合物(S),这是朝着开发可在实地应用于南极水和云样本的原位细菌冰核检测方法迈出的关键一步。这项工作的目标之一是更好地了解极地海洋细菌在海冰中面临冰冻条件下的生存和冷适应过程。由于海冰强烈影响极地和全球气候,这项研究具有重大意义,因为它还将为了解细菌冰核在海冰形成中的重要性提供数据。这些对冰核速率的测量将是对嗜冷海洋细菌的第一次高分辨率测量。另一个目标是通过对北极和南极地区发现的云细菌的成核率进行高分辨率测量,更好地了解极地云中细菌冰形成过程的影响。初步测量表明,这些细菌在较暖的温度下形成冰,在极地地区的影响可能相当重要,因为冰可以强烈影响云的动力学、云的辐射特性、降水的形成和云的化学。如果这些初步测量数据得到证实,这里收集的数据将对提高对极地云过程和模式的理解非常重要。第三个目标是通过表征成冰化合物并将其与已知的植物来源的冰核细菌进行比较,更好地了解海洋细菌成冰的分子基础,植物来源的冰核细菌是迄今为止唯一得到详细检查的冰核细菌。拟议的活动将支持博士后研究人员开始学术生涯,并将作为几个本科生实验室项目的基础。这项研究的结果将在各种科学期刊和宣传场所广泛发表。

项目成果

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Brian Swanson其他文献

Dupilumab reduces severe exacerbations in periostin-high and periostin-low asthma patients
Dupilumab 可减少骨膜素高和骨膜素低的哮喘患者的严重恶化
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2016
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Sally Wenzel;Brian Swanson;Ariel Teper;Jennifer Hamilton;Kenji Izuhara;Shoichiro Ohta;Junya Ono;Hongjie Zhu;Bingzhi Zhang;Heribert Staudinger;Neil M.H. Graham;Gianluca Pirozzi
  • 通讯作者:
    Gianluca Pirozzi
Poster 1023: Dupilumab suppresses Th2 inflammation in adult asthma and atopic dermatitis
  • DOI:
    10.1186/1939-4551-7-s1-p13
  • 发表时间:
    2014-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Brian Swanson;Jeffrey Ming;Haobo Ren;Lin Wang;Sally Wenzel;Lisa Beck;Thomas Diciccio;Yongtao Li;Pavel Belomestnov;Neil Graham;Gianluca Pirozzi;Jennifer Hamilton
  • 通讯作者:
    Jennifer Hamilton

Brian Swanson的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Brian Swanson', 18)}}的其他基金

Laboratory Study of the Influence of Nucleation and Chemistry on Ice Particle Habit and Growth Rates
成核和化学对冰粒习性和生长速率影响的实验室研究
  • 批准号:
    1348238
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    $ 8.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Laboratory Study of the Influence of Nucleation and Chemistry on Ice Particle Habit and Growth Rates
成核和化学对冰粒习性和生长速率影响的实验室研究
  • 批准号:
    1120909
  • 财政年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    $ 8.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Laboratory Experiments on Ice Particle Microphysics and Chemistry
冰粒微物理与化学实验室实验
  • 批准号:
    0801341
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    $ 8.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing grant
Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles
海洋嗜冷菌的冰成核
  • 批准号:
    0338333
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    $ 8.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Laboratory Experiments on Ice Particle Microphysics and Chemistry
冰粒微物理与化学实验室实验
  • 批准号:
    0323930
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    $ 8.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Laboratory Studies of Selected Cloud Microphysical Processes
选定的云微物理过程的实验室研究
  • 批准号:
    9906538
  • 财政年份:
    1999
  • 资助金额:
    $ 8.76万
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

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