SYMPOSIUM - REPTILE GENOMICS AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS, to be held January 2008 in San Antonio, TX.

研讨会 - 爬行动物基因组学和进化遗传学，将于 2008 年 1 月在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥举行。

• 批准号: 0809547
• 负责人: Nicole Valenzuela
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0809547&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SYMPOSIUM; REPTILE; GENOMICS; EVOLUTIONARY; GENETICS

Birds and mammals evolved from reptiles, yet little is known about how avian and mammalian developmental genetics reflect their reptilian ancestry. Birds and mammals vary tremendously in their reproductive traits and genomic constitution. For example, although sex is determined by individual genotype in birds and mammals, avian and mammalian sex chromosomes systems are different. In mammals, males produce two types of sperm that carry either an X or a Y chromosome, whereas in birds, females produce two types of eggs that carry either a Z or a W chromosome. Both mechanisms exist in reptiles, along with temperature-dependent sex determination. Also, bird genomes are, on average, smaller than the genomes of mammals and reptiles owing to differences in the amount of their genome that is composed of active and extinct interspersed repetitive elements, the diversity of which remains largely unexplored in reptiles. Thus, comparative data on gene structure and regulation, developmental patterns and processes, and genome architecture of reptiles are critical for understanding genetic and genome-wide evolutionary trends not only in reptiles, but also in birds and mammals. This symposium, which will be held at the 2008 meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, will highlight advances and progress made in sequencing of reptile genomes (including birds), characterizing reptilian genome architecture, and describing the evolution of reptilian traits (i.e., sex-determining mechanisms, physiology, endocrine pathways, and chromosome structure). The symposium participants constitute a diverse group of speakers in terms of gender, geographic origin, as well as career stages, and include members of underrepresented groups in science. The symposium will foster the sharing of ideas and protocols, and help build collaborations that will contribute to the advancement of the field. Presented papers will be broadly disseminated by publication in the journal of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.

鸟类和哺乳动物是从爬行动物进化而来的，但人们对鸟类和哺乳动物的发育遗传学如何反映它们的爬行动物祖先知之甚少。鸟类和哺乳动物在生殖特征和基因组构成方面存在巨大差异。例如，虽然鸟类和哺乳动物的性别是由个体基因型决定的，但鸟类和哺乳动物的性染色体系统是不同的。在哺乳动物中，雄性产生两种类型的精子，携带X或Y染色体，而在鸟类中，雌性产生两种类型的卵子，携带Z或W染色体。这两种机制都存在于爬行动物中，沿着温度依赖性性别决定。此外，鸟类的基因组平均比哺乳动物和爬行动物的基因组小，这是因为它们的基因组数量不同，由活跃和灭绝的重复元件组成，爬行动物的多样性在很大程度上尚未探索。因此，比较数据的基因结构和调节，发育模式和过程，以及基因组结构的爬行动物是至关重要的了解遗传和全基因组的进化趋势，不仅在爬行动物，而且在鸟类和哺乳动物。这次研讨会将在2008年综合与比较生物学学会会议上举行，将突出爬行动物基因组（包括鸟类）测序的进展和进展，描述爬行动物基因组结构，并描述爬行动物特征的进化（即，性别决定机制、生理学、内分泌途径和染色体结构）。专题讨论会的与会者构成了一个不同的发言者群体，在性别，地理来源，以及职业阶段，并包括科学代表性不足的群体的成员。研讨会将促进思想和协议的共享，并帮助建立合作，这将有助于该领域的进步。提交的论文将通过在综合和比较生物学学会杂志上发表而广泛传播。