Collaborative Research: Ecosystem Responses to Progressive and Rapid Climate Change During the Holocene in New England

合作研究：新英格兰全新世期间生态系统对渐进和快速气候变化的反应

• 批准号: 0815036
• 负责人: David Foster
• 金额: $ 25.4万
• 依托单位: Harvard University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0815036&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Ecosystem; Responses; Progressive

The future trajectories of natural ecosystems and consequences for human societies will vary greatly depending on the extent to which relatively gradual changes in average climate are accompanied by episodic instances of disturbance or short-term extremes in climate that may, in turn, trigger abrupt shifts in vegetation. For example, under a gradually changing climate, abrupt shifts in species abundances and assemblages may be triggered by drought, fire, or human activity. Our ability to anticipate future changes would benefit from insights into the details of previous ecological transitions, particularly those that have been abrupt. This project involves three collaborating research groups employing complementary approaches to reconstruct past climate-ecosystem dynamics. High-resolution analyses of lake-sediment records from southern New England will reveal past changes in climate, vegetation, and disturbance for the last 15,000 years, thus improving our knowledge of the mechanisms by which climate change interacts with environmental extremes and disturbance to control the pace and patterns of ecological change.The results of this work will inform our understanding of fundamental ecological dynamics and provide insights into the fine-scale, short-term interactions of vegetation, disturbance, and climate. The project will yield samples, data, and analyses that will be permanently archived and accessible in raw, processed, and synthesized formats through a web-based information management system, numerous publications, and international symposia. Public outreach efforts will involve curriculum development for model courses, undergraduate film and journalism projects, and collaborations with scientific museums. The interdisciplinary and multi-institutional research environment will provide training for graduate students and mentoring for undergraduates.

自然生态系统的未来轨迹和对人类社会的后果将有很大的不同，这取决于平均气候相对缓慢的变化在多大程度上伴随着偶尔的干扰或短期极端气候，而这些干扰或短期极端气候反过来又可能引发植被的突然变化。 例如，在逐渐变化的气候下，干旱、火灾或人类活动可能会引发物种丰度和组合的突然变化。 我们预测未来变化的能力将受益于对之前生态转型细节的洞察，特别是那些突然的生态转型。 该项目涉及三个合作研究小组，采用互补的方法来重建过去的气候生态系统动态。 对新英格兰南部湖泊沉积物记录的高分辨率分析将揭示过去15,000年来气候、植被和干扰的变化，从而提高我们对气候变化与环境极端事件和干扰相互作用的机制的认识，以控制生态变化的速度和模式。这项工作的结果将为我们了解基本的生态动力学提供信息，深入了解植被，干扰和气候的精细尺度，短期相互作用。 该项目将产生样本、数据和分析，这些样本、数据和分析将永久存档，并通过基于网络的信息管理系统、众多出版物和国际研讨会，以原始、处理和合成格式提供。 公共宣传工作将涉及示范课程的课程开发，本科电影和新闻项目，以及与科学博物馆的合作。 跨学科和多机构的研究环境将为研究生提供培训，并为本科生提供指导。