Collaborative Research: Why Does the Efficiency of Methane Production Vary Dramatically Among Wetlands?

合作研究：为什么湿地的甲烷生产效率差异很大？

基本信息

批准号：
0816575
负责人：
Scott Bridgham
金额：
$ 89万
依托单位：
University of Oregon Eugene
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Continuing Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2008-08-01 至 2013-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0816575&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
Collaborative Research Why Does Efficiency

项目摘要

The objective of this research is to understand the factors that control the production of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane in wetland soils under anaerobic (i.e., waterlogged with oxygen depletion) conditions in current and future climates. These two gases are the end products of a complicated, interlinked set of microbial processes during the anaerobic decomposition of soil organic matter, and the goal of this project is to understand the relative ratio at which these two gases are produced within the context of the larger anaerobic carbon cycle. Both field and laboratory experiments will be used to examine the chemical, environmental, and biological factors (including microbial community structure) that control the ratio at which these important greenhouse gases are produced in six wetlands in northern Michigan. These wetlands represent a broad range of conditions in terms of hydrology, chemistry, and plant community composition. The proportion of soil carbon that ends up as carbon dioxide and methane during anaerobic decomposition varies by several orders of magnitude among different types of wetlands, and the factors that control this variation are not well understood. Because methane is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, the ratio at which these two gases are produced can have a substantial impact on the Earth?s climate system. Also, methane emissions from wetlands have been sensitive to climate change in the past and may have strong feedbacks to future human-induced climate change.

这项研究的目的是了解控制温室气体在当前和将来的气候下厌氧（即带有氧气耗尽）条件下湿地土壤中二氧化碳和甲烷的因素。这两种气体是在土壤有机质的厌氧分解过程中复杂，相互联系的微生物过程的最终产物，该项目的目的是了解在较大的厌氧碳循环中产生这两种气体的相对比率。现场和实验室实验都将用于检查控制这些重要的温室气体在密歇根州北部六个湿地产生这些重要温室气体的比率的化学，环境和生物因素（包括微生物群落结构）。这些湿地在水文学，化学和植物社区组成方面代表了广泛的条件。在厌氧分解过程中以二氧化碳和甲烷最终形成的土壤碳的比例因不同类型的湿地之间的几个数量级而异，并且控制这种变异的因素尚不清楚。因为甲烷比二氧化碳更有效的温室气体，因此产生这两种气体的比率可以对地球的气候系统产生重大影响。同样，湿地的甲烷排放对过去的气候变化一直敏感，并且可能对未来人类引起的气候变化有很大的反馈。