Collaborative Research: Understanding Why Vigilance Declines Over Time

合作研究：了解为什么警惕性随着时间的推移而下降

• 批准号: 2240256
• 负责人: Jason McCarley
• 金额: $ 21.53万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-04-01 至 2025-03-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2240256&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Understanding; Why; Vigilance

Tasks such as baggage screening, military surveillance, and long-haul driving require people to remain focused and attentive over long periods of time. But sustaining attention is difficult and people often start making errors within a half hour or less of starting a monotonous task. This project combines behavioral experiments with statistical modeling in order to determine the kinds of errors people make when the task requires sustained attention and to understand the causes of the errors. Experiments in a high-fidelity driving simulator examine the ways that automated vehicle control affects drivers’ sustained attention. Other behavioral experiments examine factors that reduce people's ability to remain attentive. The project trains graduate and undergraduate students in experimental psychology, cognitive modeling, and human factors engineering. Findings help develop techniques for improving human performance in sustained attention tasks, like providing opportunities for rest and recovery or reducing opportunities for distraction.Monitoring and surveillance tasks are challenging, and operators’ performance drops over the course of 1/2 hour or less. This decline is termed the "vigilance decrement." Despite many years of research and the clear importance of this topic, the processes underlying the vigilance decrement remain the subject of debate. This project uses novel experimental and analytic methods to identify the nature and causes of vigilance failures. The central goal is to isolate the roles of response bias, internal processing noise, and attentional lapses on the vigilance decrement. To do this, the project analyzes psychometric functions, curves that display signal detection rates task as a function of signal intensity, and are described by parameters that directly correspond to bias, noise, and lapse rate. The project examines how the form of the vigilance decrement varies with task characteristics that are believed to influence sustained attention, including task difficulty, mental rest, stimulus information format, and dual-task load. Performance is examined in laboratory tasks and in a simulated driving task. The project delivers empirical data to resolve longstanding debates on the mechanisms of the vigilance decrement, and provides experimental methods and analytic tools to enable future vigilance research.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

行李检查、军事监视和长途驾驶等任务要求人们长时间保持专注和专心。但保持注意力是很困难的，人们经常在开始一项单调的任务后半个小时或更短的时间内开始犯错。这个项目将行为实验和统计建模相结合，以确定当任务需要持续关注时，人们犯的错误的种类，并了解错误的原因。在高保真驾驶模拟器中进行的实验研究了自动车辆控制对驾驶员持续注意力的影响。其他的行为实验考察了降低人们保持注意力的能力的因素。该项目对研究生和本科生进行实验心理学、认知建模和人因工程方面的培训。这些发现有助于开发技术来提高人类在持续注意力任务中的表现，比如提供休息和恢复的机会，或者减少分心的机会。监控和监视任务具有挑战性，操作员的表现在一个半小时或更少的过程中会下降。这种下降被称为“警觉性下降”。尽管进行了多年的研究并明确了这一主题的重要性，但降低警觉的过程仍然是争论的主题。该项目使用新的实验和分析方法来确定警觉失败的性质和原因。中心目标是分离反应偏差、内部加工噪声和注意力疏忽在警觉性降低中的作用。为此，该项目分析了心理测量函数，即显示信号检测率任务作为信号强度函数的曲线，并由直接对应于偏差、噪声和错误率的参数来描述。该项目考察了警觉性降低的形式如何随着被认为影响持续注意力的任务特征而变化，这些任务特征包括任务难度、精神休息、刺激信息格式和双重任务负荷。在实验室任务和模拟驾驶任务中对性能进行了检查。该项目提供经验数据，以解决关于警戒降低机制的长期争论，并提供实验方法和分析工具，以使未来的警觉研究成为可能。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的智力优势和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，被认为值得支持。