Effects of predation by a phonotactic parasitoid on male and female reproductive behavior in a field cricket

趋声寄生蜂的捕食对田间蟋蟀雄性和雌性生殖行为的影响

• 批准号: 0818116
• 负责人: William Wagner
• 金额: $ 49.94万
• 依托单位: University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2013-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0818116&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Effects; predation; phonotactic; parasitoid; male

PI WagnerProposal IOS # 0818116Effects of predation by a phonotactic parasitoid on male and femalereproductive behavior in a field cricketFemales often prefer to mate with males that produce extravagant signals. Signals that increase a male's probability of attracting a female, however, can also increase the probability of attracting predators. Relatively little is know about the effect of predation on the evolution of male and female mating behavior. In the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, females prefer male songs that contain faster and longer chirps. These song types, however, are also more likely to attract phonotactic parasitoid flies (Ormia ochracea). The flies deposit larvae on singing males, the larvae burrow into the cricket and feed for ten days, then the larvae emerge from the cricket and pupate, killing the cricket. Because the flies prefer the same song types as female crickets, preferred males have a higher risk of fly predation. In addition, females experience a greater risk of fly predation when they are near preferred males, and they likely experience a greater risk of fly predation when they mate with multiple males. This project will examine the effect of fly predation on the evolution of male and female reproductive behavior. Specifically, it will compare seven cricket populations attacked by the flies and seven cricket populations that are not attacked by the flies. Behavioral measures in the two populations will include male singing behavior, female responses to male song, female repeated and multiple mating, male-provided direct benefits, and the reliability of male signals of benefit quality. All crickets tested will be reared in the common environment of the laboratory, which will ensure that any detected differences between parasitized and non-parasitized populations are genetically based. This study will provide unique information on the factors that affect the evolution of male and female reproductive behavior. Broader impacts: Field work will be conducted at several protected reserves and biological field stations. The project will provide research training for at least four undergraduate students per year.

PI Wagner提案IOS #0818116声定向寄生蜂捕食对田间蟋蟀雌雄生殖行为的影响雌蟋蟀通常喜欢与产生过度信号的雄蟋蟀交配。然而，增加雄性吸引雌性的可能性的信号也可以增加吸引捕食者的可能性。关于捕食对雄性和雌性交配行为进化的影响，人们知之甚少。在可变领域的蟋蟀，蟋蟀lineaticeps，女性更喜欢男性的歌曲，包含更快，更长的啁啾。这些歌曲类型，然而，也更有可能吸引phonotactic拟寄生蝇（Ormia ochracea）。苍蝇将幼虫存款在唱歌的雄性身上，幼虫钻入蟋蟀体内并进食10天，然后幼虫从蟋蟀体内出来并化蛹，杀死蟋蟀。由于苍蝇喜欢与雌性蟋蟀相同的歌曲类型，因此优选的雄性具有更高的苍蝇捕食风险。此外，女性经历了更大的风险苍蝇捕食时，他们附近的首选男性，他们可能会遇到更大的风险苍蝇捕食时，他们与多个男性交配。本计画将探讨苍蝇捕食对雌雄生殖行为演化的影响。具体来说，它将比较七个被苍蝇攻击的蟋蟀种群和七个没有被苍蝇攻击的蟋蟀种群。两个种群的行为措施将包括男性唱歌行为，女性对男性歌曲的反应，女性重复和多次交配，男性提供的直接利益，以及男性信号的可靠性。所有测试的蟋蟀将在实验室的共同环境中饲养，这将确保寄生和非寄生种群之间的任何检测到的差异是基于遗传的。这项研究将为影响雄性和雌性生殖行为进化的因素提供独特的信息。更广泛的影响：实地工作将在几个保护区和生物野外站进行。该项目每年将为至少四名本科生提供研究培训。