Doctoral Dissertation Research: Operationalizing

博士论文研究：操作化

• 批准号: 0819460
• 负责人: N. Dickon Reppucci
• 金额: $ 1.12万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0819460&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Operationalizing

PI and co-PI: N. Dickon Reppucci and Jessica KostelnikUniversity of VirginaTitle: Doctoral Dissertation Research: OperationalizingProject Abstract0819460Much research has attempted to explain how and why false confession occur, and researchers have identified common characteristics across cases (including types of cases in which they disproportionably occur, such as murder), as well as personal (including youth of suspect) and situational (including use of deceit by interrogator) risk factors for false confessions. However, the extent to which the interaction between risk factors is considered 1) by law enforcement officers when making judgments about the surgical precision of techniques one might use during an interrogation and the diagnostic validity of confession evidence, and 2) by jurors when making judgments about the coerciveness of an interrogation, the voluntariness of a confession and the guilt of a defendant, is unclear. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that law enforcement officers and jurors might consider the interaction between the age of the suspect and the length of the interrogation when making judgments about coerciveness and voluntariness in non-severe cases, but disregard this interaction in severe cases. For the current study, participants will include 500 community members and 500 law enforcement officers who will be randomly assigned to reading case materials from 1 of 12 condition groups produced by a 3 (child, youth, adult suspect) x 2 (45 minute interrogation, 12 hour interrogation) x 2 (assault offense, murder offense) factorial design. Participants will be instructed to consider facts from a police report and excerpts from an interrogation as though they were serving on a Citizens Review Board to determine whether the investigator acted appropriately during the interrogation. After reading the case materials, participants will respond to a questionnaire regarding their perceptions of the suspect and the interrogation. The study will identify relationships between 1) the severity of the crime; 2) the age of the suspect; and 3) the length of the interrogation, and perceptions of 1) suspect competencies; 2) interrogation coerciveness; and 3) confession voluntariness. In addition, because the U.S. Supreme Court has indicated in Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) that an erroneously admitted false confession can be considered ?harmless error?, the proposed study will also examine the extent to which judgments about the level of coercion in an interrogation and voluntariness of a confession are related to judgments about the suspect/defendant?s guilt. The study will also investigate group differences in patterns of responses between community members and law enforcement officers. Results will have implications for 1) informing the collaborative development of law enforcement training for conducting juvenile interrogations, 2) explicating how risk factors are weighted within the ?totality of the circumstances approach? to the admissibility of confession evidence, and 3) testing assumptions made in the Arizona v. Fulminante (1991) decision.

PI和co-PI：N。Dickon Reppucci和Jessica Kostelnik弗吉尼亚大学标题：博士论文研究：许多研究试图解释如何以及为什么会发生虚假供词，研究人员已经确定了案件的共同特征（包括可避免发生的案件类型，如谋杀），以及个人（包括嫌疑人的年轻）和环境（包括犯罪嫌疑人使用欺骗手段）的虚假供词风险因素。然而，在何种程度上考虑风险因素之间的相互作用1）执法人员作出判断的外科手术精度的技术可能使用在审讯和诊断有效性的供词证据，2）陪审员作出判断时，审讯的合法性，认罪的非自愿性和被告的罪行，是不清楚的。 因此，本研究假设，执法人员和陪审员可能会考虑嫌疑人的年龄和审讯的长度之间的相互作用时，判断在非严重的情况下，但在严重的情况下，忽略这种相互作用。对于目前的研究，参与者将包括500名社区成员和500名执法人员，他们将被随机分配到阅读案件材料，这些材料来自12个条件组中的1个，这些条件组由3（儿童，青年，成年嫌疑人）x 2（45分钟审讯，12小时审讯）x 2（袭击罪，谋杀罪）析因设计产生。参与者将被指示考虑警方报告中的事实和审讯摘录，就好像他们在公民审查委员会任职一样，以确定调查人员在审讯期间是否采取了适当的行动。 在阅读案件材料后，参与者将回答一份关于他们对嫌疑人和审讯的看法的问卷。该研究将确定1）犯罪的严重程度之间的关系; 2）嫌疑人的年龄;和3）审讯的长度，以及1）嫌疑人能力的看法; 2）审讯的可靠性;和3）供词的不可靠性。此外，因为美国最高法院在亚利桑那州诉Fulminante案（1991年）中指出，错误承认的虚假供词可以被考虑？无害的错误？拟议的研究还将审查对审讯中的胁迫程度和供词的非自愿性的判断在多大程度上与对嫌疑人/被告的判断有关？的内疚。这项研究还将调查社区成员和执法人员之间反应模式的群体差异。 结果将有影响1）告知执法培训进行少年审讯的合作发展，2）阐明如何在风险因素的权重？总体情况的方法？口供证据的可接受性，以及3）测试亚利桑那州诉Fulminante（1991年）的决定中所作的假设。