Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Post-Hurricane Participatory GIS Mapping along the Gulf Coast to Assess Community Preparedness and Social Network Connection

博士论文改进补助金：飓风后参与式 GIS 沿墨西哥湾沿岸测绘，以评估社区准备情况和社交网络连接

• 批准号: 0823763
• 负责人: Mark Nichter
• 金额: $ 1.5万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2011-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0823763&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Post

University of Arizona graduate student Ben McMahan, supervised by Dr. Mark Nichter and Dr. Diane Austin, will undertake research on patterns of communication and networks of mutual post-disaster assistance in two localities on the U.S. gulf coast, one in Louisiana and one in Texas. Both regions were affected by severe acute hurricane events in 2005. The regions also experience chronic risks associated with moderate seasonal storms and long term coastal erosion and environmental degradation. The hurricanes highlighted gaps in national emergency management plans, across multiple scales and contexts. However, while national preparedness capacity is a critical component of effective management, the role that locally and regionally embedded social networks play in community preparedness is also significant, but poorly understood. This project is directed towards filling that gap.The researcher will combine ethnography and participant observation with participatory GIS mapping and social network analysis to investigate local responses to perceived environmental and climatic risks, as well as how these perceptions cohere or divide local and regional social groupings. The data will address the role that social networks play in mitigating immediate and long-term impacts of disruptions. The data also will permit examination of how network connectivity and historical ties to a community's social and physical landscape affect level of perceived risk and responses to disaster events and the chronic conditions that precede acute crises. Finally, the research will pioneer an integrative methodology that incorporates participatory mapping and social network analyses into qualaitative research, drawing on the strength of the confluence of ethnographic, participatory spatial, and social network data to strengthen understanding of how residents of regions facing endemic risks mobilize around these events.The research is important in the contribution it will make to theorizing new uses of social network analysis across scales in dynamic situations; to improving national disaster preparedness; and to furthering the education of a graduate student.

亚利桑那大学研究生本·麦克马汉 (Ben McMahan) 在马克·尼希特 (Mark Nichter) 博士和黛安·奥斯汀 (Diane Austin) 博士的指导下，将在美国墨西哥湾沿岸的两个地点（一处位于路易斯安那州，一处位于德克萨斯州）开展关于灾后相互援助网络和通信模式的研究。 2005 年，这两个地区均受到严重急性飓风事件的影响。这些地区还面临与中度季节性风暴以及长期海岸侵蚀和环境退化相关的长期风险。飓风凸显了国家应急管理计划在多个规模和背景下的差距。然而，虽然国家备灾能力是有效管理的关键组成部分，但地方和区域嵌入的社交网络在社区备灾中发挥的作用也很重要，但人们对此知之甚少。该项目旨在填补这一空白。研究人员将人种学和参与观察与参与式 GIS 制图和社交网络分析结合起来，调查当地对感知环境和气候风险的反应，以及这些看法如何凝聚或分裂当地和区域社会群体。这些数据将说明社交网络在减轻中断的直接和长期影响方面所发挥的作用。这些数据还将允许检查网络连通性以及与社区社会和自然景观的历史联系如何影响感知风险水平以及对灾害事件和严重危机之前的慢性疾病的反应。最后，该研究将开创一种综合方法，将参与式绘图和社交网络分析纳入定性研究，利用人种学、参与性空间和社交网络数据融合的力量，加强对面临流行风险的地区居民如何围绕这些事件进行动员的理解。这项研究对于在动态情况下跨尺度的社交网络分析的新用途进行理论化做出了重要贡献；改善国家备灾；并促进研究生的教育。