Doctoral Dissertation Research: European Union Accession and Wheat Diversity in Neoliberal Turkey

博士论文研究：加入欧盟与新自由主义土耳其的小麦多样性

• 批准号: 0825532
• 负责人: Becky Mansfield
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0825532&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; European; Union

The global implementation of market-oriented policies is remaking ecosystems and livelihoods. Transformations are especially significant for agricultural biodiversity, the part of biological diversity related to food and agriculture, which is maintained in farmers' fields in the form of landraces. For almost 10,000 years farmers in Turkey have relied on and maintained wheat landraces to adapt to socio-economic and environmental changes. However, extensive political and economic transformations in Turkey since the late 1990s are beginning to affect farmers in ways that threaten biodiversity of wheat. These transformations derive from a general process of neoliberal reform, and commitments to various international organizations, including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organization, and especially the European Union. This doctoral dissertation research project explores the linkages and articulation between neoliberalism, the state and agricultural biodiversity. The project asks three primary questions: 1) What is the role of the Turkish state in articulation of neoliberal agricultural policies and conservation of agricultural biodiversity? 2) How will recent agricultural policies affect access to and distribution of crop genetic resources? 3) How do farmers respond to current legislative and agricultural policy changes, especially to those that directly affect the grains and seed sector? The investigators will identify the goals and the articulation of the state's policies on agriculture through analysis of 1) documents on agriculture produced by the state and by international organizations, and 2) semi-structured interviews with state officials and international experts. The project will also include local ethnographies at two separate research sites in Turkey, in northwestern and central Anatolia, to understand responses of farmers and farmers' organizations to changes in agriculture. This project on how state projects of neoliberalism affect farmers' ability to grow and maintain wheat landraces makes multiple contributions. In terms of theoretical advances, the research brings together scholarship on the neoliberal state and on agricultural biodiversity. In so doing, the project will broaden and deepen understanding of the relationship between neoliberalism and nature. In terms of practical advances, the results will offer theoretical, empirical and practical insights that will provide important and timely data to state, non-governmental, and farmers' organizations, which can be used for formulation of in situ conservation policies. Turkey is the only country in the Middle East region that as a collaborator of an international program develops disease-resistant and high-yielding winter wheat varieties and distributes them internationally. Therefore, understanding linkages between neoliberalism and agricultural biodiversity in Turkey has potential implications for food security and crop improvement, for not only Turkey and the Middle East, but the world in general. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

全球执行面向市场的政策正在重塑生态系统和生计。农业生物多样性是生物多样性中与粮食和农业有关的部分，这种变化对农业生物多样性特别重要，因为农业生物多样性以地方品种的形式保持在农民的田地里。近一万年来，土耳其农民一直依赖和保持小麦地方品种，以适应社会经济和环境的变化。然而，自20世纪90年代末以来，土耳其广泛的政治和经济变革开始以威胁小麦生物多样性的方式影响农民。这些转变源自新自由主义改革的总体进程，以及对各种国际组织，包括世界银行、国际货币基金组织、世界贸易组织，特别是欧洲联盟的承诺。这个博士论文研究项目探讨了新自由主义，国家和农业生物多样性之间的联系和衔接。该项目提出了三个主要问题：1）土耳其国家在新自由主义农业政策和农业生物多样性保护方面的作用是什么？2)最近的农业政策将如何影响作物遗传资源的获取和分配？3)农民如何应对当前的立法和农业政策变化，特别是那些直接影响谷物和种子部门的变化？调查人员将通过分析1）国家和国际组织制作的农业文件，以及2）与国家官员和国际专家的半结构化访谈，确定国家农业政策的目标和衔接。该项目还将包括在土耳其西北部和中部安纳托利亚的两个不同研究地点的地方人种志，以了解农民和农民组织对农业变化的反应。这个关于新自由主义的国家项目如何影响农民种植和维护小麦地方品种的能力的项目做出了多方面的贡献。在理论进展方面，该研究汇集了新自由主义国家和农业生物多样性的学术研究。 通过这样做，该项目将扩大和加深对新自由主义与自然之间关系的理解。 在实际进展方面，研究结果将提供理论、经验和实践见解，为国家、非政府组织和农民组织提供重要和及时的数据，这些数据可用于制定就地保护政策。 土耳其是中东地区唯一一个作为国际项目合作者开发抗病高产冬小麦品种并在国际上推广的国家。因此，了解土耳其新自由主义与农业生物多样性之间的联系，不仅对土耳其和中东，而且对整个世界的粮食安全和作物改良都有潜在的影响。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立的研究生涯。