HSD: Collaborative Research: Social Networks as Agents of Change in Climate Change Policy Making

尽管所有国家都受到政府间气候变化专门委员会建立的占主导地位的科学共识的影响，但它们对这一知识的反应是高度不同的。国家对全球气候变化的立场不能用繁荣程度或灾难的直接脆弱性来解释。这一跨学科研究项目将考察影响国家政治如何对科学知识做出反应的关键社会政治变量。多个选民组成了影响国家政策的行动网络。在政府、非政府组织、企业和其他有影响力的行为者的领导人认真对待科学主张的程度上，各国存在差异，他们将高风险和紧迫性赋予该问题，并制定对策。在每个国家的背景下，支持和反对补救行动的倡导联盟的力量各不相同。他们的信念、活动和有效性反映了组织和国家利益以及对科学推理的文化接受度的概念。国内科学机构在证明气候科学主张和传播这一知识方面的能力各不相同。在这多个群体中，跨利益攸关方参与和对话的机会将加强国家协议，赋予当局权力，并导致更有效的国家对策。该项目将比较发达国家(日本、美国、德国和瑞典)、转型国家(俄罗斯)和发展中国家(印度、中国和巴西)以及国际层面的气候变化政策形成过程。政策网络分析将被用来研究这些关系过程。每个国家的可比调查将收集有关国内和国际组织之间的谈判、沟通和支持网络以及组织信念、目标、资源和政策参与的数据。数据收集将在2009-2010年关于后京都全球气候变化制度的国际谈判的高峰期进行。该项目将大大促进对气候变化政治和决策的了解，同时还将加强所有国家，特别是发展中国家和转型期国家的气候变化教育能力。妇女领导九个案例研究小组中的四个，其中包括多个族裔/种族群体，并将努力纳入少数民族。每个团队将建立一个关于气候变化的社会政治研究、教育、培训和公共信息的国家中心。这些团队和中心将组成一个持久的全球网络和科学界，定期举行会议和研讨会，并发布报告和出版物。该项目计划定期进行重复调查。由此产生的公共数据库将为未来的学术研究提供关于国家和国际对全球气候变化不断变化的反应的宝贵记录。2008财年NSF人类和社会动力学竞赛(HSD)颁发的奖项支持这一项目。NSF的所有董事和办公室都参与了HSD竞赛和HSD奖项组合的协调管理。

Whereas all nations are exposed to the same dominant scientific consensus established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, their reactions to this knowledge are highly variable. National stances toward global climate change cannot be explained by levels of prosperity or immediate vulnerability to disaster. This interdisciplinary research project will examine the key sociopolitical variables that affect how national polities react to scientific knowledge. Multiple constituencies form networks of action that effect national policies. Countries vary in the extent to which leaders of government, non-governmental organizations, businesses, and other influential actors take the scientific claims seriously, assigning high levels of risk and urgency to the problem and developing countermeasures. Advocacy coalitions for and against remedial action vary in strength in each national context. Their beliefs, activities, and effectiveness reflect concepts of organizational and national interest and cultural receptiveness to scientific reasoning. Domestic scientific establishments vary in their capacity to certify climate science claims and diffuse this knowledge. Among these multiple groups, opportunities for cross-stakeholder participation and dialogue will strengthen national agreement, empower authorities, and lead to more effective national countermeasures. This project will compare the climate change policy-formation processes of developed (Japan, the United States, Germany, and Sweden), transitional (Russia), and developing countries (India, China, and Brazil) as well as at the international level. Policy network analysis will be used to study these relational processes. Comparable surveys in each country will collect data on networks of negotiation, communication, and support among pertinent domestic and international organizations as well as organizational beliefs, goals, resources and policy engagement. Data collection will take place in 2009-2010 at the height of international negotiations over the post-Kyoto global climate change regime.This project will contribute significantly to knowledge about climate change politics and decision making while also strengthening climate change educational capacity in all the countries, especially in the developing and transition countries. Women lead four of the nine case research teams, which include multiple ethnic/racial groups and will strive for inclusion of national minorities. Each team will establish a national center for sociopolitical research, education, training, and public information on climate change. The teams and centers will form an enduring global network and scientific community, holding regular conferences and workshops and issuing reports and publications. The project plans repeated surveys at regular intervals. The resulting public data base will provide an invaluable record of changing national and international reactions to global climate change for future scholarly research. An award resulting from the FY 2008 NSF-wide competition on Human and Social Dynamics (HSD) supports this project. All NSF directorates and offices are involved in the coordinated management of the HSD competition and the portfolio of HSD awards.