HSD: Collaborative Research: Social Networks as Agents of Change in Climate Change Policy Making

HSD：合作研究：社交网络作为气候变化政策制定中的变化推动者

• 批准号: 1118190
• 负责人: Dana Fisher
• 金额: $ 4.6万
• 依托单位: University of Maryland, College Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2013-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1118190&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HSD; Collaborative; Research; Social; Networks

Whereas all nations are exposed to the same dominant scientific consensus established by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, their reactions to this knowledge are highly variable. National stances toward global climate change cannot be explained by levels of prosperity or immediate vulnerability to disaster. This interdisciplinary research project will examine the key sociopolitical variables that affect how national polities react to scientific knowledge. Multiple constituencies form networks of action that effect national policies. Countries vary in the extent to which leaders of government, non-governmental organizations, businesses, and other influential actors take the scientific claims seriously, assigning high levels of risk and urgency to the problem and developing countermeasures. Advocacy coalitions for and against remedial action vary in strength in each national context. Their beliefs, activities, and effectiveness reflect concepts of organizational and national interest and cultural receptiveness to scientific reasoning. Domestic scientific establishments vary in their capacity to certify climate science claims and diffuse this knowledge. Among these multiple groups, opportunities for cross-stakeholder participation and dialogue will strengthen national agreement, empower authorities, and lead to more effective national countermeasures. This project will compare the climate change policy-formation processes of developed (Japan, the United States, Germany, and Sweden), transitional (Russia), and developing countries (India, China, and Brazil) as well as at the international level. Policy network analysis will be used to study these relational processes. Comparable surveys in each country will collect data on networks of negotiation, communication, and support among pertinent domestic and international organizations as well as organizational beliefs, goals, resources and policy engagement. Data collection will take place in 2009-2010 at the height of international negotiations over the post-Kyoto global climate change regime.This project will contribute significantly to knowledge about climate change politics and decision making while also strengthening climate change educational capacity in all the countries, especially in the developing and transition countries. Women lead four of the nine case research teams, which include multiple ethnic/racial groups and will strive for inclusion of national minorities. Each team will establish a national center for sociopolitical research, education, training, and public information on climate change. The teams and centers will form an enduring global network and scientific community, holding regular conferences and workshops and issuing reports and publications. The project plans repeated surveys at regular intervals. The resulting public data base will provide an invaluable record of changing national and international reactions to global climate change for future scholarly research. An award resulting from the FY 2008 NSF-wide competition on Human and Social Dynamics (HSD) supports this project. All NSF directorates and offices are involved in the coordinated management of the HSD competition and the portfolio of HSD awards.

虽然所有国家都受到政府间气候变化专门委员会建立的同样的主导科学共识的影响，但它们对这一知识的反应却大相径庭。 国家对全球气候变化的立场不能用繁荣程度或对灾害的直接脆弱性来解释。 这个跨学科的研究项目将研究影响国家政治如何对科学知识作出反应的关键社会政治变量。 多个支持者组成了影响国家政策的行动网络。 各国政府领导人、非政府组织、企业和其他有影响力的行为者在何种程度上认真对待科学主张，对问题的风险和紧迫性给予高度重视，并制定对策。 支持和反对补救行动的宣传联盟在各国的力量各不相同。 他们的信念、活动和效力反映了组织和国家利益的概念，以及对科学推理的文化接受度。 国内科学机构在认证气候科学主张和传播这一知识方面的能力各不相同。 在这些多个群体中，跨利益攸关方参与和对话的机会将加强国家协议，赋予当局权力，并导致更有效的国家对策。 本课题将对发达国家（日本、美国、德国、瑞典）、转型国家（俄罗斯）、发展中国家（印度、中国、巴西）以及国际上的气候变化政策制定过程进行比较。 政策网络分析将被用来研究这些关系过程。 在每个国家进行的可比调查将收集有关国内和国际组织之间的谈判、沟通和支持网络以及组织信念、目标、资源和政策参与的数据。 数据收集工作将在2009-2010年就后京都全球气候变化制度进行国际谈判的高峰期进行，这一项目将大大有助于了解气候变化政治和决策，同时加强所有国家，特别是发展中国家和转型期国家的气候变化教育能力。 在9个案例研究小组中，有4个小组由妇女领导，这些小组包括多个族裔/种族群体，并将努力将少数民族包括在内。 每个团队将建立一个国家中心，用于气候变化的社会政治研究，教育，培训和公共信息。 这些团队和中心将形成一个持久的全球网络和科学界，定期举行会议和研讨会，并发布报告和出版物。 该项目计划定期进行重复调查。 由此产生的公共数据库将为未来的学术研究提供有关国家和国际对全球气候变化反应变化的宝贵记录。 2008财政年度NSF范围内的人类和社会动力学（HSD）竞赛产生的一个奖项支持了这个项目。 NSF的所有董事会和办公室都参与了HSD竞赛和HSD奖项组合的协调管理。